DEVELOPMENT 175 
of Melanoplus differentialis and eats the eggs of that grass- 
hopper. After a moult the second larva (carabidoid form) 
appears; this (B) is soft, with reduced legs and mouth parts 
and less active than the triungulin. A second moult and the 
scarabeidoid torm of the second larva is assumed; the legs 
Stages in the hypermetamorphosis of Epicauta. A, triungulin; B, carabidoid stage 
of second larva; C, ultimate stage of second larva; D, coarctate larva; E, pupa; F, 
imago. E is species cinerea; the others are vittata. All enlarged except F.—After 
RiLey, from Trans. St. Louis Acad. Science. 
and mouth parts are now rudimentary and the body more 
compact than before. <A third and a fourth moult occur with 
little change in the form of the second larva, which is now in 
its ultimate stage (C). After the fifth moult, however, the 
coarctate larva, or pscudo-pupa, appears; this (D) hibernates 
and in spring sheds its skin and becomes the third larva, which 
soon transforms to a true pupa (F), from which the beetle 
(Ff) shortly emerges. Thus the pupal stage is preceded by 
at least three distinct larval stages. 
In the anomalous beetle Stylops, the males are winged, but 
the females are maggot-like and sedentary, living in the bodies 
of bees and wasps. Packard found as many as three hundred 
