ENTOMOLOGY 
enings of the peripodal membrane which spread over the lar- 
BIG 223" 
Internal transformations of Sphina ligus- 
tri. A, 
an, antenna; b, 
its food 
heart; m, mid 
tubes; p, 
lion; f¢, 
larva; B, pupa; C, moth; a, 
brain; f, 
reservoir; /t, 
aorta; 
fore intestine; 
hind intestine; jt, 
intestine; mt, Malpighian 
proboscis; s, 
testis; tg, thoracic ganglia; v, 
tral nerve cord.—After Newport. 
frontal section of the larva appearing as in Fig. 222. 
subcesophageal gang- 
ven- 
val hypodermis, while the 
latter 1s being 
broken down by the leuco- 
gradually 
cytes; in the head and abdo- 
men the process is essen- 
tially the same as in the 
thorax, the new hypodermis 
arising from imaginal buds. 
Most of the larval mus- 
cles, excepting the three 
pairs of respiratory muscles, 
undergo dissolution. ‘The 
imaginal muscles have been 
traced back to mesodermal 
cells such as are always as- 
sociated with imaginal buds. 
Hymenoptera and Lepi- 
doptera.—The internal 
transformation in Hymen- 
optera, according to Bugn- 
ion, is less profound than 
in Muscidze and more ex- 
tensive than in Coleoptera 
and Lepidoptera. The in- 
ternal metamorphosis in 
Lepidoptera 
many respects that of Core- 
thra. In both these orders 
the dorsal pair of protho- 
In a 
the 
resembles in 
racic buds is absent. 
full-grown caterpillar 
fundaments of the imaginal 
legs and wings (Fig. 221) 
may be seen, the wings in a 
Many 
