266 ENTOMOLOGY 
flower which—though entomophilous in general structure—has 
apparently adapted itself in no way to the single insect upon 
which it is dependent for the continuance of its existence. More 
than this, the insect not only labors without compensation in the 
way of food, but has even become highly modified with refer- 
ence to the needs of the plant,—its special modifications being 
unparalleled among insects with the exception of bees, and 
being more puzzling than the more extensive adaptations of 
the bees when we take into consideration the impersonal nature 
of the operations of Pronuba. Further investigation may 
render these extraordinary interrelations more intelligible, or 
less mysterious, than they are at present. 
The bogus Yucca moth 
Fic. 259. (Prodoxus quinque punc- 
tella) closely resembles 
and associates with Pro-. 
nuba but cviposits in the 
ower stalks of Yucca 
and has none of the spe- 
cial adaptive structures 
found in Pronuba. 
As regards floral adap- 
tations, these examples 
are sufficient for present 
purposes; many others 
have been described by 
the botanist; in fact, the 
adaptations for cross pol- 
lination by insects are as 
Phlegethontius sexta visiting flower of Petunia. 
Reduced. varied as the flowers them- 
selves, 
Insect Pollenizers.—The great majority of entomophilous 
flowers are pollenized by bees of various kinds; the apple, 
pear, blackberry, raspberry and many other rosaceous plants 
depend chiefly upon the honey bee, while clover cannot set seed 
without the aid of bumble bees or honey bees, assisted possibly 
