INSECTS IN RELATION TO OTHER ANIMALS 299 
Coccinellidze are eaten by but very few birds— the flycatchers 
and swallows—and are refused by caged blue-jays and song 
sparrows even when these birds are hungry. Of Chrysomel- 
idee, the Colorado potato beetle is refused by the catbird, blue- 
jay and song sparrow, and Diabrotica is not often eaten, ex- 
cept by catbirds and thrushes. “ The smaller Carabide, 
whether stinking or not, are eaten by practically all land birds.” 
Crows, blackbirds and jays eagerly swallow Calosoma scruta- 
tor, and the first two birds are especially fond of Harpalus 
caliginosus and H. pennsylvanicus, and feed Galerita to their 
young. “A score of smaller Carabide and Chrysomelide, 
metallic and conspicuously colored, are habitually eaten by 
birds that have an abundance of other insect food to pick 
frome 
The stenches of Lampyride appear to be more effective 
than those of Carabidze. Telephorus is occasionally eaten, but 
Photinus rarely if at all. Chauliognathus is not eaten by 
many birds (though flycatchers and swallows select this in- 
sect) and the genus is regarded unfavorably by caged catbirds 
and blue-jays. 
In regard to other insects, Judd finds that Epicauta, with its 
irritant fluid, is immune from all but the kingbird; Cyllene 
seldom occurs in the stomachs of birds; May flies and caddis 
flies, however, are terribly persecuted, but swiftly flying Dip- 
tera and Odonata are highly immune. 
From such facts as these, Judd properly infers, “ not cases 
of protection and non-protection, but cases of greater and 
lesser efficiency of protective devices.”’ 
2. THE TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES BY INSECTS. 
It is now known that several kinds of insects are of vital 
importance to man as agents in the transmission of certain 
diseases. This recently demonstrated role of insects now 
commands universal attention. 
Malaria.—So. far as is’ known, malaria is transmissible 
only through the agency of mosquitoes. 
