316 ENTOMOLOGY 
One of the carpenter bees, Ceratina dupla, which builds in 
the hollow stem of a plant a series of larval cells separated by 
partitions, is said by Comstock to watch over her nest until 
the young mature. 
The transition from the solitary to the social habit 1s indi- 
cated in the life-histories of wasps and bumble bees, where a 
solitary queen founds the colony but soon relegates to other 
individuals all duties except that of egg-laying. The social 
insects will now be considered. 
TERMITES 
‘white ants,” the termites are 
quite different from true ants, being indeed not very far re- 
Though popularly known as 
moved from the most primitive insects. In view of the ex- 
treme contrast in structure and development between termites 
and ants, it is remarkable that the two groups should have 
much the same kind of complex social organization. 
Various forms of Termes lucifugus. A, adult worker; B, soldier; C, perfect winged 
insect; D, perfect insect after shedding the wings; E, young complementary queen; 
F, older complementary queen. Enlarged.—After Grassr and SANDIAS. 
Classes of Termites.—In general, four kinds of adults are 
workers, sol- 
produced in a community of termites, namely 
dicrs, winged males and winged females. 
The workers (Fig. 273, 4), which are ordinarily the most 
numerous, are of either sex, but their reproductive organs are 
undeveloped. A worker-ant or bee, however, is always a 
