336 ; ENTOMOLOGY 
permanent abode, but now and then appropriate some conveni- 
ent hole for the purpose of raising a new brood of marauders. 
Slave-making Ants.—lIt is a fact that some ants make 
slaves of other species. Formica sanguinea, for example, will 
attack a colony of Formica fusca, kill its active members in 
spite of their determined resistance, kidnap the larvee and pupze 
and carry them home, where the captives receive every care, 
and at length, as imagines, serve their masters as faithfully as 
they would serve their own species. In the Alleghanies, ac- 
cording to McCook, colonies of F. fusca occur where there are 
no “red ants” (F. sanguinea), but are hard to find where the 
enslaving species occurs. 
Although F. sanguinea can exist very well without slaves, 
Polyergus rufescens, of Europe, is notoriously dependent upon 
their services, it being doubtful whether it is capable of feed- 
ing itself. This species is powerful as a warrior, but its man- 
dibles are of little use, except to pierce the head of an adver- 
sary. Strongylonotus is still more helpless, while Anergates 
(also of Europe) is said to depend absolutely upon its slaves. 
Polyergus lucidus occurs in the Alleghanies, where the col- 
onies of this species, according to McCook, contain large num- 
bers of the workers of Formica schaufusst. Vhe masters are 
good fighters but do no other work, and have not been seen to 
feed themselves, though they may often be seen feeding from 
the mouths of their slaves. 
Honey Ants.—Among ants in general, the workers that 
stay in the nest receive food from the mouths of the foragers 
a custom which has led to the extraordinary conditions 
found in the ‘“ honey ants,” in which certain of the workers 
sacrifice their own activity in order to act as living reservoirs 
of food for the benefit of the other members of the colony. 
This remarkable habit has arisen independently, in different 
genera of ants, in North America, Australia and South Africa, 
as Lubbock observes. 
The honey ant whose habits are best known, through the 
studies of McCook and others, is Myrmecocystus meiliger, of 
