FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. f)'.* < 



srale of tlu' series; each of these scales is greatly shoi-teiied in its lower half to make room for the 

 special scale of the photophore, and is Imt little more than half the height of the other scales; the 

 posterolateral is over, or very slightly in advance of the last antero-anal, the latter vertically over 

 the fourth anal ray before the last and below the front of the adipose fin. 



The photophores are invariable in number and position, except those of the anal series. Our 

 material includes fi.'^ s]ieciniens. .Vs each side must bi^ tabulated separately, we liavi' fur consideratinn 

 ll'd cases: 



The antero-anals are 8 in number in 7 cases, !) in iiundter in 88 cases, 10 in mnnber in 31 ca.ses. 

 The postero-anals are 5 in number iti <I2 eases, (5 in number in ri^ cases, 7 in number in !t cases, (.'om- 

 bining the.'^e gives a total range of 1)i to 17, distributed ;is follows: \S in '■'> cases, of which 2 occur bilat- 

 erally, 1 unilaterally; H in 'M cases, of which 24 occur bilaterally, I.'! unilaterally; 1.5 in 74 cases, of 

 which (iO occur bilaterally, 14 unilaterally; It) in 10 cases, "f w hich (J occur bilaterally, 4 unilaterally; 

 17 in 2 ciwes, of which none occur bilaterally, 2 unilaterally. 



The usual combinations are 9-1-5 (32 cases) 9-(-() (48 cases) and lO-f-5 (23 ca.ses), one or another of 

 the.se combinations occurring on one or both sides of fiG out of the 63 specimens at hand. The 2 sides 

 do not vary independently in this species. Perfect bilateral symmetry occurs in 4(3 specimens, and in 

 (5 others the lack of symmetry is plainly due to the dro[)ping out of the second or the penultimate 

 mendjer of the anterior group. In no case does the difference in number of anals on the 2 sides 

 exceed I. 



General color dusky brown on upper half of head and body; sides of head and lower half of sides 

 silvery, the latter everywhere coai>'ely specked with bixnvn; anterior dorsal dusky, base of eaui.lal 

 blackish, other tins translucent. In the type, 7 scales on the back of the caudal peduncle are under- 

 laid by pearly ( luminous) spots, agreeing in this resjject with M. vpulhttnit. None of the smaller speci- 

 mens (47 mm. and less) shows any trace of this luminous area. 



M. maroarltatum agrees in outline very closely with Liitken's figure of .1/. affine (Spolia Atlautica, 

 II, Scopelini, 1892, p. 252). It seems to differ in the more numerous scales of the lateral line, in the 

 more anteriorly placed break in the anal series, the more elevated posterolateral, and in the somewhat 

 different range of variation in the number of anal spots. In .1/. uffine, the antero-anals vary from 7 to 

 10 (frequently 8 or 9); in M. iiKtrgorilalutii, the numl)er 7 does not occur, and 8 very rarely, 9 and 10 

 prevailing. In M. (iffinr, the postero-anals vary from 4 to (i (frequently 5 or lit; in .\f. ni(iriiarit<ttinii, 

 no specimens have 4, but a few have 7. 



The species was taken at the follmving stations: Nos. 3878, south of Lanai; 3921), west of Oahu; 

 3927, west of Niihau; 3929, southwest of French Frigate Shoals; 3930, near I^aysan Island; 3931, near 

 Laysan Island; 3932, nearLaysan Island; .3980, south of Oahu; 4010, west of Oahu; 4011, west of Oahu; 

 4145, west of Niihau, and 4188, between Honolulu and San Francisco, lat. X. 28° 13' 42", long. \V. 

 145° 44' 00"; all at the surface. 



Myctophum evermanni, new species. Plate 70, Fig. 2. 



Type, 29 mm. long, from station 3980, south of I )ahu, taken at the surface; type. No. 51521, U. S. 

 Nat. Mus. 



Related to M. hoojjs and M. Jiuiiihulilli, but with a sliort |>oslcro-anal series of ]iliotophores (4 to (>), 

 the lirst of the series much fartlier back than in related species, a little behind the last anal ray. In 

 .1/. bnops, Richardson, and .1/. hinnholdtl ( Risso) , the break in the anal series is but little behind the 

 middle of the tin. 



Total length, excluding caudal, 22 mm.; greatest ikqith of body 22 hundredths of this length; least 

 depth of caudal peduncle 7; length of head 33; diameter of orbit 8; frontal width over middle of eye 9; 

 length of snout 7; length of maxillary 23; distance from ti]) of snout to front of dor.sal 51; from fnmt 

 of dorsal to adipose dorsal 36; from tip fjf snout to front of anal 50; biise of anal 26; ventrals 16; 

 [jectoral broken. D. 15, the 4 anterior rays nuicli shortened; A. 20; lateral line with 39 tubes; 

 9 longitudinal series of scales where body is widest, not including the median series above and below. 



Head and body very slender, the caudal peduncle dei'per in proportion; head tapering forward, 

 the snout not bluntly rounded; maxillary very long, little widened posteriorly, lialf its length behind 

 middle of eye; eye little longer than snout; jjreopercular margin not very oblique. 



Origin of the dor.sal slightly belnnd insertion of ventrals, its (losterior rays slightly overlajiping 

 the anal; vertical from front of adipose dorsal passing through the posterolateral jihotophore anil the 



