FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 603 



Eye small, t\vi)-tliird« leiifrth of snout, wliifli e(|uals interorbital width; intcrnrhital space con- 

 taining a pair of narrow parallel leufftliwise ridges, which fork anteriorly, the l)ranches diverging to 

 eitlier side of nostrils; posteriorly, these ridges extend along sides of occiput, where they gently 

 diverge; a similar ridge extends backwai'd above the opercles; on median line of occiput, [losteriorly, 

 is a low rounded tubercle marked with radiating ridges; suljorbital covering much less than half 

 the cheek, forming a sheath overlying upper portion of maxillary for its entire length; teeth similar 

 in both jaws, long slender subequal canines widely and equally spaced, and separated by }< or 10 

 uniformly short teeth less than one-fourth their length; 12 canines along each side of the upper 

 jaw; head of the vomer with a pair of short liramble-like teeth hooked backward; palatines with 

 a single series, the first 2 or .3 elongate and canine-like, the others ndnute; roof of mouth, inside the 

 palatine l)ands, w ith wide patches of small prickle-like teeth, 2 or ,"5 of the anterior outer ones enlarged; 

 gill-rakers of tlie 2 series on each arch widely different; those of the outer series very long and slender, 

 of the usual type, those of inner series much shorter, very slender and sharp, and fixed in an erect 

 position; those of the outer series of the first arcli 9 ■[ 12 in nundier, the longest equaling the diameter 

 of the orbit. 



Both pectoral and ventral fins are broken, so nothing <'an be given as to their length; distance from 

 axil of ventrals to vent two-fifths distance from ventrals to pectorals (one-half that distance in C. 

 elongatn); origin of dorsal vertically over the second or third anal ray; adipose dorsal more anteriorly 

 inserted than in C. ilonynlit, above the seventli anal ray before the last, and midway between last 

 dorsal ray and base of middle caudal ray. 



In the type of C. eloiu/ulu, (iiinther seemed to find traces of scale-pouches on the cau<lal peduncle, 

 but in other specimens, Alcock (.Vnn. Mag. Nat. Ilist. 1891, 127, and 1S92, 3o4) denied the jiresence 

 of scale.s. In our type of ('. rluuladniiit, we are fortunately able to .settle this question. The integu- 

 ment is preserved, and but little worn. Inunediately behind the head, along the edge of the shoulder- 

 girdle and below, f) large scales are evident, all but one covering ]ihotophores. Another similar scale 

 was detected in relation with one of the luminous glands on the tail, and others are almost certainly 

 present covering other photophores. The scales are excessively thin and membranous, and are wholly 

 concealed beneath the skin. The)' were detected by the con<'entric stria' showing through the some- 

 what hardened integument and were in 2 instances di.ssected out. .Uthough the integument is in 

 equally good condition over the general boily surface, no further traces of scales could be detected. 

 Those in connection with photophores pi-obably woidd be the last to disappear in forms which were 

 losing their scales. 



The photophores are arrange<l as follows: Subocnlar 1, a drlinite photophore like those of the 

 upper lateral series, located below the anterior part of the orbit, connected witli a small oblong white 

 glandular patch below and beliind it; mandibulars 1, on the inner face of eacli ramus near the 

 symphysis, a definite glandular body apparently connected with a small photophore; operculars 2, one 

 indistinct, behind tip of maxillarj', the other accompanied b.v a white glandular body, on preopercle 

 at level of eye; branchiostegals 9, one at base of each interradial space, except the two anterior and 

 the two i)osterior spaces; pectoral 1, vertically above base of pectoral fin and immediately behiixl 

 shoulder-girdle, a little nearer pectoral than line of hack. Upper lateral series 12 or l.S, extending from 

 just behind pectoral fin to a point opposite front of anal, each organ consisting of an up]ier incons]iicn- 

 ons huninous body, and a lower conspicuous white gland, composed of white convoluteil tubules, 

 which communicate with the photophore proper. Lower lateral series -i:!, forming <'ontinuous series 

 from the isthnnis to the base of lower caudal lobe; 4 arc in advance of [lectorals, the 2 lines 

 strongly converging forward, 11 between the iiciMoral ami ventral lins, .') lietween tlie ventrals and 

 the front of anal, 19 along base of anal, 1 under middle of caudal peduin-le, and .'! along lower lobe of 

 caudal; the vent lies between the fourth and fifth ]iaiis of the \cntral series; thi' first anal pair are 

 vertically over the third anal ray, in line with the ventral series, and space<l equally with them; the 

 second and third pairs of the anal .series diverge from anal base in an obli(|nely curved line having it.s 

 convexity directed ui)ward and forward, the third jiair lieing a little above level of ujipcn- lateral series, 

 which is discontinued before it reaches them; the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh pairs again approxi- 

 mate the anal base, but the fourth ami sev<-nth are slightly above the fifth and sixth, the 4 thus form- 

 ing acurved line with its convexity downward; from the eighth on, the lines are jiarallel and straight, 

 the si)aces between the spots gradually increasing po.steriorly ; t here is no interruption between the anal 

 and caudal series; the first caudal spot lies before tlu^ first rudimentary rays, the second over the 



