FISHES OF nAWAIIAN ISLANDS. (ilf) 



ImviiifT the .«aiiK' inclinatii)n as snout; interorliital space ami iieeiimt <'i)iicave; snpraorliital ridj^es 

 elevated; a median and u jiair of lateral t'dnieal tnl)ereles cm (ie<'ii>nt; iniinediately I elund (jceiput a 

 pair of small jiit-like dejii'essions; behind these 4 loiifjitndinai and .'! eross-rid<;es, tlieir intersections 

 tnbercular and almost spinons, the intervening spaces concave; tail ahrnptly constricteil behind ilisk; 

 .S candal rings, ipiadrate in cross-section, (he angles bearing sharp liackwardly-dirccled spines; the last 

 2 or H rings bearing Iiorizontal ridges at the angles, with spines at either enil; on niiddle of siiles of tail 

 a]-e -4 small intercalated plates, each bearing a S])ine directed backward, the anterior [lair nmch smaller 

 tlian tlie posterior; these i)latps alternate with those forming the angles of tlie tail, and are located in 

 the intervals between first and second, second and third, fonrth and fifth, and fifth and sixth iilates; a 

 strong spine directed backward on median dorsal line at base of canilal fin; and a sinjilar smaller one 

 l>elow; dorsal and anal fins inserted on the second, third, and fourth candal rings, and of ei|nal siz<' 

 anil ojjposite. 



In life the head and body is olivaceous above, finely sp(jtted with pearly white and mottled with 

 light red; :5 indistinct double cross-bars of light red behind the pectorals, those on tail meeting below. 

 Pei'torals finely spotted with w'hite; across middle of pectoral a wide dark reildish brown band, wiili'st 

 on inner rays, appearing black inspirits; near their tips, the rays are crossed with reddish blown. 

 Dorsal barred with reddish chocolate and white; liasal half of caudal rays spotted with rcdilish, distal 

 half with l)ro\vn, intermediate area white. 



Other .specimens were yellowish olive, with irregular reticulations of bright orange-red; tail barred 

 with orange-red, the under parts jiearly white; nnnute white spots on head, boily, ami pectoral fins, 

 the latter sjiotted and barred with orange-red, Init the blackish brown cross-band of the tyjH' very 

 inconspicuous or wanting; candal witli 8, dor.sal with 2 reddish cross-bars. 



The species was taken at the following stations: Xos. 401)1, oft the northea.st coast of Hawaii, 24 to 

 SS fathoms; 4149, near Ilird Island, :!."> to 71 fathoms; 4164, near Bird Island, 40 to .")(i fathoms. 



Family HEKYCIU.-E. 

 Melamphaes unicornis, new si)ec-ies. Plate 77, Fig. 1. 



Tyiie, 'M miri. long, witlnjut candal lin, fioni station 4142, in the vicinily of Kauai, at a depth of 

 ();!2to881 fathoms; type, No. 51.517, F. S. Nat. Mus. 



Length of head 41 hundredths of total length without caudal: width of head !•">; interorliital width 

 10; diameter of eye (i; length of snout IM; length of maxillary 19.5; distance from snout to himleredge 

 of occiput 30; to front of dorsal 55; to front of anal 69; to base of ventrals 46; length of base of dorsal 

 25; base of anal 10; length of pectorals :'A; length of ventral.s 19; greatest depth 30; least depth of cau- 

 dal peduncle 8; length of free i>ortion of candal p<'dnncle 21.5. 1). ii, 12; A. i, S; I'. 14; \'. i, 7: scales 

 in lateral line 25. 



Head very long, comjiaratively narrow; interorliital space narrow, le.ss than twice the diameli'r of 

 the small eye; snout long, high, and compressed, its anterior jirofile gently decurved; month nioder- 

 at«'ly obliquBj the maxillary falling a very little sliort of the vertical from the hinder luargin of the 

 orbit; mandible closing within the premaxillaries, but the symphysis produced into a short projectiiiL' 

 aciilc tip; teeth minute, subequal, in a single, somewhat irregular series in the mandilile; in 2 distinct 

 rows, separated by an interval, in the premaxillaries; cephalic crests well developed, their margins 

 usually finely spinous; a conspicuous pair bound the occiput, which forms thus a deeji narrow groove 

 with parallel sides; the spines on these occipital crests increase in length anteriorly ami become inclined 

 oblii(nely forward; a slender horn-like spine arising from middle of snout above nostrils, and directed 

 nearly vertically uiiward; mandibular rami broadly winged along their outer and their inner margins, 

 the iimer meeting below to form a crest; preorbital not prodnced; preoiiercle forming a thin inembra- 

 naceous structure, crossed by many transverse slender ridges, each ending in a delicate marginal spine; 

 liosterior border nearly vertical, the angle broadly rounded; two slender spines at lower posterior angle 

 of cheek; opercle extremely thin and flexible, its margin witliout sjiines or serrations, marked hv 4 

 ridges diverging from a common center, the lowermost nearly vertical, parallel with preopercular 

 margin; gill-rakers slender, lanceolate, somewhat expanded, leaf-like, overlapping at lia.«e, with a few 

 slender denticles on inner margin, 8 Lj.^i i,i number on outer arch; jiinder edge of occiput ei|nidistant 

 between front of dorsal and nostril; origin of anal fin under tlii^ fifth dor.'^al rav before the last; free por- 

 tion of caudal peduncle ci|Ual to interval between liasc <pf ventrals and front of anal; veiilrals inserted 



