I'ISHKS OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



635 



ISiidy I'longatf, little i-ompresscd, wiillli twn-thinls (U-jitli; n|)|K'r [irolilc of licail lisin;,' in a gontlp 

 unbroUen curve from snout to cl(jrsal tin; liead without pits or depressions; iuterorbitai sjiaee wide, 

 Hat or very gently eoncave; a scries of very stronj;. conipressed, haekwardly liooked spines along lateral 

 prolile of head, 1 on preorbital, 2 on suborbital stay, and 1 on ])reopercular margin; a smaller eus]) at 

 anterior base of each larger one, that at base of preopercular si)ine larger than the others; in front of 

 the ])reorbit.al and the anterior suborbital spines several smaller spinelets; beneath the preorbital spine a 

 second series of short backwardly hooked spines overlapping maxillary; opercular margin with 2 spines, 

 the lower terminating a knife-like ridge which bears 2 smaller spines; supraorbital rim not elevated, 

 bearing a row of strong sjiines directed outward and backward; within tliese a pair of cnrv(^d, liiverging, 

 finely serrulate ridges; occipital ridges very short, with diverging spines; 2 or .'5 |)arocci]iital spines; a 

 strong suprascapular spine; mouth very small, horizontal; mandible included; maxillary narrow, 

 scarcely reaching vertical from front of inijiil; finely villifonn teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines, the 

 palatine band very narrow, the outer scries in premaxiUaries a little enlarged; branchiosti'gals 7, mem- 

 branes distinct and free; pseudobranchire large; gill-lamin:e nmch reduced, the posterior lilamenfs of 

 fourth arch rudimentary; slit behind fourth andi evident; gill-raki>rs short, unarmed, less than one- 

 third tliameter of )iui)il, 11 or 12 on horizontal limb of first arch. 



Spinc:)us dorsal low, with evenly rounded contour, the lourth spine highest, the tenth very short, 

 it.s membrane not joined to the eleventh, which is nmch longer; twelfth spine as long as ninth and but 

 little shorter than soft rays; fir.«t anal sjiine-about as long as third, much shorter than second; base of 



Fig. 248. — Plcdi-Ofif-nUan lumtim Gilbert. lunv spucies. Type. 



anal equal to that of second dorsal, the 2 fins exactly op])osite; upper pectoral rays slender, all but 

 the upjier 2 forked, about S of the lower rays simple and a little thickened, some of them iiroduced, 

 longer than the rays aliove and below them, but not so long as the longest pectoral rays, which reach 

 to or a little beyond front of anal; third ventral ray longest, reaching first anal spine; caudal .^lightly 

 emarginate. 



Scales large, strongly ctenoid, those on head and pectoral fin much reduced in size; lateral line of 

 normal type, each scale bearing a tube which opens in a pore near margin of scale; no cutaneous canal 

 overlying the scales, as in Setarrhcs; only mandibles, lijis, and gill-membranes scaleless. 



Color in life almost uniform rose-red; a dusky stn-ak on membrane behind distal half of each 

 dorsal spine, and a dusky blotch on middle of soft <lorsal, these colors more intense in the young, 

 where a faint dusky bar may often be detected beneath each dor.«al fin, and a narrow streak on middle 

 of caudal peduncle; mouth, branchial and abdominal cavities whitish. 



Hones of head firm and not heavily channeled, the species not evidently adapted for lifi' at 

 considerable depths. Fifteen specimens were secured. 



Specimens were taken at the following stations: Nos. '.W->'1, vicinity of Laysan, :i47 to ;i.')l fathoms; 

 4079, off the north coast of JIaui, Uti to 17.S fathoms: 40S0, off tluf north coast of Maui, 17.S to 202 

 fathoms; 4081, off the north co;i.st of Maui, 202 to 220 fathoms: 4082, off the north coast of .Maui, 220 

 to 238 fathoms; 4132, vicinity of Kauai, 2.")7 to 312 fathoms. 



