FISHKS OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 641 



iiicluclccl in llir iiiriiiliraric aiiil air iM|iial in l)<'if.'ljl, their Icni^lli half that ni lica'l; a I'l'W nf tlic piistc.'- 

 rior ra_vsan> sliorlvniMi: lasl liorwil and last anal rays arc cld't to tlic hase; except the nimlilicil [icctiiral 

 rays anil a few at base of caiiilal lohes, all rays are forkeil, those of the anal tin near extrenii' ti[i only; 

 in males of //. Iiiii;i>"liirlii, tliere are no lilaiiK'iitous or free rays; the spinous dorsal has a eonvex out- 

 line, anil some of the miiliile rays of the soft dorsal are tlie hii;liesl in the fin; ana! rays not specially 

 produced in males of either sjiecii^s; in //. cilniiux, the caudal is trnncatc or sliirhtly concave, this lieinjj 

 mori' marki'd in males, where ti|e lower caudal rays are a little lousier than the upper. In Iniii/xdavjii, 

 the caudal is convexly roini'lcd in hoth sexes; the lower 8 (or rarely 4) pectoral ray.s are simple, thick- 

 ened and lon<:er than the rays immediately above them; they are larjiely free, beinf; joined to one 

 another and to the rest of the tin by a very low membrane at extreme base. They resemble strikiiifjly 

 the free pectoral rays of 7V/;//(i. Tlie ventral tins are snlijngular in jiosition, their insertion l)eini; in 

 advance of jiectorals; they contain .5 liranclied rays in addition to the spine, the inner ray the longe.-'t, 

 file others ]irou:ressively shortened. Cnvierand \'ah'nciennes have erroneously li;;iu'ed the ventrals 

 as rounded in //. liingKdnrjii. 



The fin rays are very constant in this species. We have found but '1 variations from the uoniial 

 formula, the dorsal sjiines numberini: but ."i in one specimen, the free pectoral riys increased to ) on 

 one side of another specimen. 



The body is naked, with the exce]lti(^n of the series of lateral jilates, which ajjree in structure and 

 in mimber with those of //. hiiKj.fihjrJi't. These plates are jilaced obliquely antero-posteriorly, the 

 anterior upper portion nearly horizontal, its surface rouirhened by from 2 to •') minutely denticulated 

 ridfjes, the lower posterior part vertical and smooth. .U the an>;le each of these jilates is provided with 

 a very strong spine directed Ijackward. In this species and in linu/.idorjii a minute concealed spinous 

 point can be detected lielow and behind the strong spine, but in no siiecimeii have we seen the pair of 

 equally strong spines figured by lioth Cinier and Valenciennes and by Temminck and Schlegel, a."- 

 characteristic of Idni/sihrjii. The pores of the lateral line occur lielow the sjiinous crest in the soft 

 intervals lietw'een the vertical laiiiime. The jilates are always 1^7 in number in both .s])ecies. 



Color in life very bright lemon-yellow or olive-yellow oti all upper [larts, including fins, white or 

 silvery below, the boundary between the 2 colors coarsely freckled with brown spots, which cover 

 also more or le.ss of the back; faint traces of 4 dark cross-bars on back, seldom evident except in the 

 young; soft dorsal translucent, with many round yellowish green spots; a basal series larger than the 

 others, with each spot nearly lialf as large as pupil; a large lilack blotch at base of posterior dorsal spines; 

 anal fin with a terminal orange band, but without black margin ; upiier margin of spinous dor.-^al orange; 

 caudal with .some orange„its base and terminal portion dusky. In one vei-y young specimen, !••"> mm. 

 long, there is a broad black bar through the middle of the siiiiious dorsal; live dusky cross-bars are 

 evident: 3 wide liars opposite spinous dorsal, middle of soft dorsal and end of soft dorsal, respectively, 

 and 2 narrow- bands, intermediate in jiosition between the wide bars; there is also a very narrow sub- 

 terminal dark line on the anal fin, similar to but fainter than that characteristic of adult specimens of 

 liiiiijml<irtii. In no other specimen of citriniin is there a trace of tlie anal band. 



In the slomacli of one specimen were found remains of crabs and fishes. The specimens of //. 

 Iiiiii/silorlil with which we have compared ritriiiits wi^re dredged by the A/hnlross May II, 1900, at 

 station 3717,. off Hondo Island, Japan, at a depth of 7o to 100 fathoms. A specimen of the same 

 species is at hand from Kagoshima. These differ somewhat from current descriptions and figures of 

 laiir/fi(t()rfi!, but probably belong to that sjiecies. 



Specimens were taken at the following stations during the Hawaiian investigations: \os. 3858, 

 Pailolo Channel, 128 to 138 fathoms; ,3809, I'ailolo Channel, l:;8 to 140 fathoms; 39.i7, near Lay.san 

 Island, 173 to 220 fathoms; 39().'S, near Laysan Island, I Hi to 147 falboms; 4079, off the northeast coast 

 of Maui. 143 to 178 fathoms; 4080, off the northeast coast of .Maui, 17S to 202 fathoms; 40S1, off the 

 northeast coast of Maui, 202 to 220 fathoms; 4103, I'ailolo Channel, i:;2 to 141 fathoms; 4114, off th<! 

 northwest coast of ()aliu, 104 to 195 fathoms; 4120, off the northwest coast of Oalui, 1()7 to 2bj fathoms. 



