KISHES OK HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. '>-i5 



Chrionenia, new (ji'nus. 



Most doselv allied U. Banlrop,, (rum which it .liflVi« „nly in the uhsence of a tie«hy flap on the 

 nnxillary Fmiii Plempsar.w it differs in the ctenoid scales, the low lateral line, and the ahsence of 

 t he pair of stronjr spi.ies pointing forwar.l at tip of snout. The scales of the lateral line are unn.oditied, 

 while in Pl,;;,i,s,n;m each scale of the lateral line has its free margin produced uito Irom 1 t,. :i acute 

 lobes. 

 Clnioiinim (lilbcrl, now Kcnuscif I'h ;<,(,s./,/,/.r irlirj/sirix) . 



Chrionema chryseres, new species. Plate S-"). 

 Tyi)e, a female, L'(»l nun. Ion-, In.m station li.si:^, off south coast Oahu Island, de|,lh L'(i4 to l.s:', 

 fathoi'ns; tvpe, No. 511^5, T. S, Nat. Mus. 



lleadolilumdredths of t.ital len^'th (caudal exclmU.l); sn,,u( II; eye 1(1; maxdiary iln,n,lipol 

 upper jaw) 1.-^; iuterorliital width 1..^; frreatest ,leptli of body I.V, least de].th of caudal pedun,4e 5..,. 

 I) vi-KS; A. L'4; 1'. 22, 2'A\ V. i, 5. Scales in lateral line 7l> on one side, 7l' on the other: I-' scales ui a 

 verti<-al series between lateral line and front of soft dorsal. 



Snout dei.rcssed and spatulate, but its median longitudinal profile not concave; int<-rorbital space 

 narrow the margins slightly raised; mandible pn.jecting, mandibular band of teeth tittmg wholly out- 

 ride premaxillarv baud anteriorly; nuixillary nearly horizontal, extending beyond anteriorthirdol eye, 

 with<iut barbel or fleshy flap at tip; teeth viUiform, in bands in jaws, and on vomer and palatmes; pre- 

 maxillary band booming very wide anteri,M-ly, its teeth, especially those in posterior part of band, longer, 

 curvi'd and readily depressible; posterior teeth of mandibular band, and some on vomer and palatmes 

 likewis'e longer, curved, and depressible, the 2 halves of the vomerine band in connection across median 

 line formin- the usual V-shai.ed ligure; ],alatine bands continued farther forward than usual, so that 

 their anterior ends overlap and lie along outer sides of posterior thir.l of each lateral half of vomerine 

 baud- anterior nostril a roun.ied |)ore with slightly raised margin, the posterior a horizontal slit; dis- 

 tance' separating nostrils about equal to that between posterior nostril and front . if eye; gill-membranes 

 separate not joined to isthmus; anteri..rend of gill-slit in advaticeof tipof maxillary; gills 4: ,,osterior 

 series of'filaments on fourth ar,'h about half length of others; a wi.le slit belund fourth gill-arch; gilU 

 rakers ^lender toothed, one-tenth diameter of eye, 14 on horizontal liud> of outer ar.di; pseudobranchm- 

 lave-^ branchi'ostegals 7; a short strong spine at angle of preopercle, with 1 <,r 2 ,,b,scure spinous points 

 above and below it; o|)ercle ending in 2 sharp spines, the upperof whi.di is much the longer; subopercle 

 ending in a similar spine, which ends at about the same vertical as the upj.er opercular spine; no .>ther 

 vpines or serrations on hea.l; opeirnlar membrane greatly produce.l beyond the spines, forming a 

 scaly flap which extends beyond base of pectorals; 2 short strong " humeral " spines just above origin 

 of lateral line; anterior scales of lateral line not spinous, as in Bniihropx plati/rhinrhtis. 



Origin of spinous dorsal just behind hea.l, its distance fn.m tii. of snout ;i8 hundredths of total 

 len-th without cau.Lal; spines verv slen.ler and flexible, the second the longest, 12 hnndre.lths ot the 

 length, the third and auUsecpient spines regularly shortened; .iistance from base of last dorsal spine to 

 |ir«tMo'ft ray slightly more than half .liameter of eye, but the membrane joining last spine to back 

 exteudin- for half "this distance; there are thus but 2 free scales between the tins; first ray ot soft 

 .ior.«al the longest (14 hundredths), the others rapidly shortened, only the lirst ray mniple, the last ray 

 forked to the base; anal lin beginning in advance of soft <lorsal an.l terminating behind its end, all the 

 rays simple, except the last, which is forke.l to the base; cau.lal fin gently r.utnded; longest pectoral 

 rays (17 Inmdredths) below middle of tin, those above, and especially those below the longest rapidly 

 shortened; yeiitrals inserted far ill advance of pectorals, y.'rtically below preopercular angle, the third 

 ray the longest (1.^ hundredths); upper 2 pect.iral rays and sometimes the loweruiost rays simple, 

 the others and all the ventral rays forked. 



S.-ales small, closely adherent, rough-cteu..id, excei.t those on breast, which are smooth; they 

 completely inve.sf body", cheeks and opercles, ..cciput, iuterorbital r.'giou, and a narrow median area 

 on basal third of smiiit; the remainder of snout, the mouth parts, and the uhole under .side of head 

 naked; 8 series of scales are crossed by a line from preopercular angle to below mid.lle of orbit; scales 

 exteiKlingwell on basesof pectoral and caudal lins; lateral line beginning above opercular llap, strongly 

 declinecHrom its origin until it approa<-hcs anterior jiart of anal fin, from the base of which it is sepa- 

 rated by only 5 or ti scales; it then runs parallel with th." anal base, and regains axial line only at base 



