FISHES OK HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. (>47 



[.hu'cd one beliiinl fnint <il spinous dorsul, one lii'hind fi'ont of soft dorsiil, ;inil one near i'Uil of soft 

 dorsal; a lilju'k blotch on o]i('rculai' (lapaiid a vertical ouc at its anterior margin; a blai'k dot at basi' of 

 each anal ray, and some dnsky shadini; on candal and pectorals; lins otherwise unmarked. 

 Only the ty|ie obtaiiK^cl. 



Pteropsaron incisnui, new species. Plate 87. 



Type, 02 mm. long, from station .'iil.">7, off l>aysan Island, depth 17I-! to 2l.'l) falhoms; ty|je, N'o. 

 51621, U. S. Nat. Mns. 



Apparently very near /'. irm-nnduiii. Jordan A Snyder, from .Japan (Proc. I'. S. Nat. .Mns., 

 X.\IV, 1902, 472), differing in the ab.sence of darker liands on back, and in the absence of scales on 

 cheeks. The fin-rays, scales, and general proportions seem much the same. We tin<l the vomer 

 toothed, whereas P. rcnumiicbiiti is said to liave it naked; lint this is prol)ably an error of oUservation, 

 as teeth are present also on the vomer of P. i-rrildiia .Ionian & Snyder, in which they are likewise said 

 to be wanting. 



Head 3.T hnndredths of the total length without caudal; deptli 12; least depth of candal peihmcle 

 ■">; length of snout it; length of maxillary 15; eye 11; interorbital width 1 ; distance from tip of snout 

 to origin of spinous dorsal 40; distance from base of last dorsal spine to origin of soft dorsal S; base 

 of .second dorsal 40; length of pectoral 20; length of ventrals 27. D.v-17; A. 22. Scales in latcial line 

 .'iO; transverse rows 6; rows above lateral line at front of second dorsal 2. 



Form elongate, widest at opereles; head not conspicuously flattened above; snout short, acute, 

 narrowly triangular as seen from above; lower jirotile of head rising toward tij) of snout more than 

 upper profile descends; mouth obliijue, slightly narrowing posteriorly, where it is on lower side of 

 head; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of eye; mandible everywhere included within premax- 

 illaries; teeth all villiform, arrangeil in very narrow bands in jaws; roof of mouth containing a deeji 

 longitudinal mesial groove intn which lits the long narrow tongue; at its anterior end the tongue 

 bi'comes suddeldy dilated to form a disk-shaped process which in the closed moutl; lies against the 

 vomer; median and anterior portion of \-omer toothless, but each lateral portion with a small patch of 

 villiform teeth; vomerine teeth ami groove as here described, also present in P. evolrmx; we have not 

 lieen able to examine P. verecundinii in this I'espeet; premaxillaries very protractile; |)remaxillary 

 spines extending to slightly behind front of eyes; each preorbital ends anteriorly in a strong spine 

 directed forward, the tip of snout between the 2 sptines deeply notched behind the mesial portion of 

 the premaxillaries; the tip of snout is notched and s])inous also in P. verecumhim and in P. eroldn.i; 

 opereles slightly thickened aliing upper margin, terminating in a very short weak sjiine; bones of 

 liead otherwise unarmed; opercular membrane notched piosteriorly, the portion above the notch form- 

 ing a broadly rounded lolie with fimbriate margin, that below the notch produced to a point opposite 

 middle of pectoral base; lielow' this point, the margin entire or obscureh' serrulate; branehiostegals 7, 

 the membranes not united across throat; gill-slits continued forward to below middle of eye; gills 3i, 

 the laminie exceedingly narrow; gill-rakers repre.sented l)y tubercles only, 10 of these on liorizontnl 

 limb of outer arch; pseudobranchia- developed. 



l'"c)ur dorsal spines closely crowded at basi\ as in leremn/liiiit; tin largely jet-bla<'k, but the lirst 

 spine produced into a white filamentous ti]) which extends well beyonil ti|)s of other s|)ines and 

 fonr-iifths the distance from its base to oijgin of second dor.sal when the tin is declined; anal originat- 

 ing below lirst ray of soft dorsal, and extending lieyond it.s last ray; caudal rounded; ventral.s narrow, 

 not widely separated, inserted well in advance of pectorals and longer than pectorals; the third and 

 fourth ventral rays equal, extending to base of fourth anal ray; ventral spine very short, as in 

 rerecundum. 



Scales cyck)id, with entire edges, except those forming the lateral line; in the latter, the free 

 margins are incised to form 3 or 4 coarse teeth. Scales entirely similar in /', eni/diix. ( Iperclcs and 

 occiput scaled, but snout, preorbitals, cheeks, and lower side of head nakeil. 



In spirits, the color is light grayish or brownish above, without trace of darker bars: o|iercles and 

 lower side of head, ventrals, and anal with much heavy white pigment; sjiiiions dorsal black, with 

 white iilamentous tip to first si)ine; other lins umuaiked. In life, the middle of the side was marked 

 with 4 oblong, bright, yellowish green s])ots. 



Taken at the following stations: Nos. 3957, vicinity of Laysan, 173 to 220 fathoms; 3tl5.S, vicinity 

 of Laysan, 173 to 182 fathoms; 3iHit>, vicinity of Uaysan, IIB to 1(38 fathoms. 



