FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 659 



where free from it; outer set of gill-rakers of first arch numerous, loti!.', and slender, 5 or 6 above atigle, 

 27 below, the longest 0.6 horizontal diameter of orbit; ijseudobranchia^ aljsent; a well develoiied tilit 

 behind last gill, the latter bearing 2 sets of giU-lilameiits; scapular furamen wholly within the hyper- 

 coraeoid; branch iostegals 7. 



Origin of first dorsal tin slightly in advance of base of pectoral; first ray very short, concealed in 

 the membrane, the second slender and smooth, produced into a long unarticulated tilauient, the length 

 of the spine contained 1.9 times in total length; succeeding rays all deeply forked, except the last, which 

 is apparently simple; interval between first and second dorsals not exceeding twice the space between 

 2 succeeding rays of either fin; origin of second dorsal over ndddle of abdomen, its rays high, = length 

 of head; tip of tail truncate, having been injured and then again surrounded by the fin; anal much 

 lower than dorsal, the longest rays, in posterior part of fin, about 0.4 the longest dorsal rays; vent 

 immediately in advance of atial fin; outer ventral and upper jiectoral rays greatly elongate and fila- 

 mentous, finely articulated throughout, with a miimtely lieaded aj)i)earance; ventral filament con- 

 tained 3.2 in total length, pectoral filament 2.11; insertion of ventrals slightly posterior to biise of 

 pectorals. ^ 



Scales very caducous, and mostly fallen. They seem to have been aljsent on terminal portion of 

 snout, and on suborbital region, but were otherwise present on top and sides of head, and on entire 

 body; a single series of unimbricated oval scales extends the length of mandible; scales have been 

 studied from the lateral line and adjacent areas, from the base of the dorsal fin, the region about pec- 

 toral fin, breast ami belly, and the mandible; all are alike cycl'iid and spinele.ss, marked with extremely 

 numerous delicate concentric striie; under a high power, each of the striie is .seen to be composed of a 

 series of minute granules, which render the scale slightly rough; lateral line runs alimg middle of side, 

 furnished with conspicuous pores; no lateral line along back. 



Color in spirits very light brown, the margins of scale pouches black; belly, breast, gill-membranes 

 and gular membranes, lips, and entire lining of mouth and gill-cavity jet-black or blue-black; base and 

 axil of pectoral, and entire prepectoral area jet-black; mandible black in its symphyseal third, the 

 remainder of its length, together with the opereles and the suborbital translucent, thus permitting the 

 black lining to be externally visible; snout light, blackish at tip and about nostrils; fins jet-black, only 

 the filamentous rays light; peritoneum jet-black; much black pigment alsci in the walls of stomach 

 and intestines; pyloric circa colorless. 



The type only was olitained. The species is ajiparenth' closely related to (!. limgifiUs Goode and 

 Bean, G. dixpar Vaillant, and G. multijilir: Giinther. It differs from all of them in certain minor details 

 of measurements and fin counts, and in tlie lilack coloration of the fins. With our present knowledge 

 of the distribution of batliybial fishes, it seems unwise to identify at long range, at least without direct 

 comparison of adequate material. Alcoct's " Balhiiffadux loiigijilis" fmm the Arabian Sea is probably 

 distinct from Atlantic or Mediterranean species. 



A young specimen, lb! mm. long, from station 4007, vicinity of Kauai, 508 to r>.")7 fathoms, differs 

 in the following respects: Interorbital width greater, equaling length of snout, a little longer than 

 longitudinal diameter of eye; ventrals with S rays, pectorals 22 or 23, and dorsal 12; first dorsal, pec- 

 toral, and ventral rays elongate, liut injured, so their length could not be determined; liarbel slightly 

 more than half length of head; fins light in color. This may represent a species distinct from G. 

 mckmopterux, distinguished by the wiiler interorbital, the more numerous pectoral rays, and the light 

 fins. It is impossible to make any satisfactory conipari.son with G. miillifillx (iiinther, described from 

 a single specimen 5 inches long, taken in the vicinity of llu- IMiilippines, l)nt nndtijUu is said to have S 

 dorsal and 15 pectoral rays. 



Gadomus bowersi, new" sjiecies. Fig. 257. 



Type, 4()5 mm. long, from station 4151, vicinitv of Bird Island, 3i:'> to 800 fathoms; tvpe. No. 

 51658," i:. S. Nat. Mus. 



Head 5.3 in total length; ilepth ti.:>. D. ii, 8; V 9; P 17. tdll-rakers5 f 21; branchiostegal rays 7; 

 pyloric cwca long, 18 in number. 



Head very wide and deep, with greatly developed mucous canals, and delicate bones and njeni- 

 branes; top of head flat, sides nearly vertical; interorbital width equal to distance from tip of snout 

 to middle of orbit, contained 2.6 times in lengtli of head; longitudinal diameter of eye contained 1.8 

 times in interorbital width, 1.6 in snout, length of snout 3.4 in length of head; mouth terminal. 



