PAPILIONID#®.—PAPILIO. 
PAPILIO PHALACUS. 37. 
P. Phalecus, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 32, 1869. 
Uprersipr. Male, very dark green, apparently black out of a bright light, suffused with 
purple towards the outer margin of the posterior wg: the fringe with white lunules, deeply 
indented on the posterior wing, which has one broad tail. Both wings crossed beyond the middle 
by a common band of white tinted with yellow, divided by the nervures, and so thickly 
irrorated with black on the anterior wing and the lower part of the posterior wing, as to appear 
grey: this band commences near the costal margin of the anterior wing by three spots, which 
form a triangle: near the fifth spot on its inner border there is a small spot of the same colour 
(more conspicuous in the female). Posterior wing with a submarginal band of six or seven 
carmine lunular spots, some of which are scarcely visible. 
Unpersipz as above, except that the carmine spots are more distinct. 
Female does not differ from the male, except in its greater size. 
Exp. 3585 inch. Hab. Ecuador. 
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson. 
Most nearly allied to P. Ascanius. 
PAPILIO HIPPOCOON. 38, 39, 40, 41. 
Papilio Hippocoon Fabricius Ent. Syst. III. p. 38. 
P. Dionysos Doubleday § Hewitson, Gen. Diur, Lep. Plate 3, fig. 4. 
I have figured the species of the plate in confirmation of an opinion expressed by Mr. Trimen, which I have 
myself long held, that P. Hippocoon and P. Dionysos are one species, now confirmed beyond a doubt by the very 
interesting intermediate varieties. Fig. 38 represents P. Hippocoon. Fig. 41, P. Dyonisos. Figs. 39 and 40, two 
unnamed varieties. I cannot, at present, associate with them either P. Cenea, of Stoll, or P. Triphonius, of 
Westwood, although the latter very much resembles them. Both of these species seem to me fitted for swifter 
flight. That the butterflies now figured are all females there cannot, I think, be a doubt ; * but that they are the 
females of P. Merope, as suggested by Mr. Trimen, I do not for one moment believe. P. Merope, of Madagascar, 
has a female the exact image of itself; and it would require a stretch of the imagination of which I am incapable 
to believe that the P. Merope of the mainland, having no specific difference, indulges in a whole harem of females, 
differing as widely from it as any other species in the genus. The fact that P. Merope, when received from the Con- 
tinent, is always of the male sex, and the Cenea groupe all females, is very slender evidence. We receive constantly 
a large number of butterflies of which we know but one sex. Nearly all the many species of Catagramma are 
without their females. That the male Merope has been seen chasing the female Cenea is evidence still more slight, 
when butterflies of widely differing families, as recorded by Mr. Algernon Chapman, in the Entomological Magazine 
for this month, may be discovered in copulation. It is true, that we have of late been introduced to some strange 
anomalies in the sexes, but to none which bear comparison to this. In the orange-banded Epicalias, there is no 
resemblance certainly between the male and female, either in colour or the arrangement of the spots ; but there is 
no total disagreement in form. In the two species of Papilio which have lately been united, Torquatus and 
Caudius, and Argentus and Torquatinus, though much unlike each other, there is quite sufficient resemblance not 
to shock one’s notions of propriety. ; 
Mr. Trimen, in the paper in the transactions of the Linnean Society in which he discusses this subject, and 
details the biography of P. Merope, from its first creation in Madagascar to its subsequent wonderful polymorphosis 
on the Continent, says that ‘‘ entomologists, no less than naturalists generally, appeared content with a child-like 
wonder at this and kindred facts, and let them pass as things inscrutable,” until Mr. Darwin gave us a “ rational 
explanation of these phenomena.” I must say, and I hope that I may do so without giving offence to any one, that [ 
prefer the child-like attitude of former naturalists to the childish guesses of those of the Darwinian school. 
* Mr. Trimen, if I understand him right, gives this (may I call it a dream) as a supposition only. Mr, Bates, in his address as 
President of the Entomological Society, speaks of it as an established fact. 
