258 SCIENCE SKETCHES. 



around Mark Hopkins at Williamstown, — around 

 all great teachers everywhere. The various so- 

 called colleges and universities in America will grad- 

 ually differentiate into universities and preparatory 

 schools, and the ultimate line of division will be 

 one of money as well as one of management. To 

 do university work requires better-trained profes- 

 sors, and many more of them, than to teach the 

 elements of Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. This 

 means more salaries and larger salaries than are 

 now paid. Schools ill endowed or not endowed at 

 all cannot attempt this. Those who can do it will 

 do it, and the success of Johns Hopkins University 

 shows how this is to be done. The ideas of 

 LeJirfreiheit and Lernfreiheit, — freedom of teach- 

 ing and freedom of study, — on which the German 

 university is based, will become a central feature 

 of the American college system. 



The college as a separate factor in our educa- 

 tional system may in time disappear by its mer- 

 gence into the preparatory school on the one 

 hand and into the university on the other. We 

 should then reach a condition of things not unlike 

 that seen in Germany, where nothing intervenes 

 between the public high school or gymnasium, in 

 which all work is prescribed, and the university 

 itself, in which all work is free. The position of 

 the preparatory school in this connection is by 

 no means one to be despised. A strong prepara- 

 tory school is far more valuable to the community 

 than a weak college. The work of the secondary 

 schools is the foundation of everything higher. 

 It should be broadened and deepened so as to 



