934 INDIAN CYPRINID&. 
longitudinal septum; but in Cobitis prop. or Loaches with entire caudal, I have 
not found any trace of that organ in the ordinary position, but in different 
species that I have dissected, it is placed in a small bony case over the entrance 
to the cesophagus; this case consists of a single sub-globular cell, although in 
the European species it has been found to be bilobate. In those Schesture, 
on the other hand, which are without the abdominal natatory bladder, I find 
the organ situated over the entrance to the cesophagus as in Cobitis prop.. 
but formed of two small globular cells. joined together by an interme- 
diate tube. 
28. Having thus explained the general principles on which I have 
sub-divided the family, it may be useful to examine how far the results 
are likely to correspond with those laws that have been laid down as the 
basis of natural classification. With this view, we should first of all en- 
deavour to ascertain the denomination of the family, or its relation in point 
of rank to fishes in general; but as this could only be done after analysis 
of the whole class, we can only attempt to form an estimate on the subject 
by comparing Cyprinide with what seem to be analogous groups in other 
classes, to which the philosophical views of Mr. Macleay, Mr. Swainson, 
Mr. Vigors. and other writers on the natural system have been extended. 
oO 
29. It might be unnecessary in a communication of this kind, to offer 
any remarks on the general principles of the natural method of arrangement, 
as these are fully expounded in popular introductions that ought to be 
universally read, as well as in several papers that have been published 
within these last twenty years in the transactions of the Linnean and other 
learned Societies. I may however remark, that in addition to those affinities 
by which animals are immediately connected, there are more remote relations 
called relations of analogy, by which they typify or represent each other, 
“a principle which,” as Swainson observes, ‘‘ was in some degree perceived by 
