380 INDIAN CYPRINID. Sarcoborine. 
salient on the upper margin, but less prominent below ; the colours are usually 
distributed in peculiar spots and streaks ; the scales are large. The species are 
numerous, and of small size, but very abundantly. distributed throughout the 
ponds of Bengal, Assam, and indeed the waters of all parts of India. 
The stomach is a long, narrow, fleshy tube, terminating in a single intes- 
tine, which in most of the species is twisted round the stomach like the thread 
of a screw, see Pl. 54. f. 12. a, cesophagus, 6, is the vent. The entire length 
of the canal does not however in any case exceed thrice that of the body. The 
air-vessel and liver are fully developed, and present slight variations of form 
in the different species, but agree generally with the same organs in the 
Cirrhins. From the shortness of the intestinal tube compared with that of 
Peonomine, as well as on account of their bright colours, and the peculiarities 
of the mouth, which seems to be constructed chiefly for insect food—the 
remains of this having been found abundantly in their stomach—these fishes 
are placed with the Sarcoboring. Their protractile jaws, often supplied with 
cirri or muscular filaments, and their comparatively elaborate digestive organs, 
indicate, on the other hand, a perfection of structure compared with the 
other genera of Sarcoborine, that naturally raises them to the first place in 
that sub-family, of which they consequently become the typical group. 
T.—Systomus IMMACULATUS, J. M. 
Pl. 44. f. 5. 
Entire length equal to about twice the depth, back arched equally from 
the snout to the dorsal fin; the upper half of the dorsal spine serrated behind ; 
thirty-two scales along the lateral line, and ten in an oblique line from the 
base of the ventrals to the dorsum. Four small cirri. The fin rays are, 
Dill: P15: V.9: A-7= C19. 
Colour green above, below greenish white, fins pale, and a tinge of red on 
the opercula. The stomach widens at the cesophageal extremity, and the 
