ox THE ECONOMICAL USES OF FISHES. 177 



and allowed to remain for about six hours. The 

 hooks are placed at regular distances along the line, 

 baited with mussels, limpets, or other shell fish, and 

 sand eels are sometimes used with great success for 

 the same purpose. At other times, the fishermen 

 use hand lines, of which one man is able to manage 

 two, each with a couple of hooks, and in this way, 

 Mr. Yarrell mentions, eight men have beeh known 

 to take eighty score of cod off the Dogger Bank, in 

 the course of a single day. 



The value of the cod, as an article of food, both 

 in the fresh state and when dried, is too well known 

 to require any comment. In Iceland and many 

 parts of Norway, it forms, perhaps, the principal 

 food of the inhabitants ; also in Sweden, where it 

 has been fished for ever since the middle of the 

 14th century. The liver, which is large, furnishes 

 oil of excellent quality, and to give an idea of the 

 extent to which it is used, we may mention, that in 

 1829, the Labrador and Newfoundland fisheries 

 yielded oil of the value of about £18,000. By the 

 Icelanders and Norwegians, the heads, as well as 

 the bones, are given to their cattle as food, and good 

 isinglass is made in Iceland from the swimming 

 bladder. The tongue is considered a dclicac}^, and 

 the gills are used as bait. In fine, almost all parts 

 of this fish are useful to man. 



Many other species of the cod family, besides that 

 just mentioned, furnish food more or less excellent 

 for man. Of these we shall enumerate the most 

 important. Though of smaller size, and perhaps 



