52 



the deposit from "W. to E. varies from 12 ft. to 23 ft., and is covered by 

 a similarly varying capping of brick-earth, which is thickest at the 

 E. end. The greater mass of the deposit is made up of a mixture of 

 boulder-flints, coarse and fine gravels, with sand and loamy patches ; 

 generally, the finer materials are in the middle and upper levels. The 

 greater part of this portion of the drift has been excavated, and carried 

 away during the past 20 years, for the sake of the gravel and flints it 

 contains, and from time to time teeth and fragments of bones of the 

 extinct Elephant, or Mammoth, have been found and locally identified. 

 The full amount of these and other remains of animals found are 

 unknown, owing to the high prices obtained by the workmen from 

 isolated naturalists or the London buyers of such objects. IVIany 

 evidences of the derived rock-remains, with a few fossils as oyster shells 

 and wood bored by molluscs, belonging to the Beds above and below the 

 chalk have been found in the gravels and sand-patches. 



In the Autumn of 1890 fresh ground was opened in the East end of 

 the deposit under the part known as the " Martyrs' Eield," and from 

 time to time the following specimens have been obtained, and their 

 position verified : — 



(a.) Upper cervical vertebra of the Mammoth, found at 1 8 ft. below 

 the surface ; in a cone of fine gravel with rounded and rather 

 small pebbles. 

 The vertebra was oblong laterally in its body, which had 

 a large portion detached from its neck-side to the left of the 

 middle* line, the surface and edges of the body were much 

 worn by friction on this side, the right being better defined. 

 The two dorsal processes had been knocked off', only the broad 

 knob of the left one remained, and the right one was split 

 into two portions with some loss of substance at its base and 

 dorsal end. 



(J.) A fossilized oyster-shell resembling those found in the "Woolwich 

 beds, in a thin pocket of sandy deposit 4 ft. above (a). 



(c.) A fragment of a Mammoth-tooth, including some of the posterior 

 undeveloped plates and basal portions of five plates in front 

 of them. This was in a similar matrix to that in which 

 (a.) was found, about 3 ft. 'N. of it. 



((?.) Fragments of a molar-tooth of Khinoceros ticorrhinus, shivered 

 to pieces by the pick-axe. They consisted of an oiiter portion 

 of the crown with three grooves, three cusps, and a fragment 

 of the inner duplication of the bone attached ; three portions 

 of the inner duplications of the outer wall ; parts of two 



* The position and aspects of the part are described as if in situ in the full form 

 of the body of the animal as it would stand. 



