163 



them. The lines of these ruptures were traced laterally, aud the 

 variable effects ou buildings in the course of them noticed and 

 compared with the disturbance of the ground on which they 

 rested ; many remarkable conditions of the structures were thus 

 accounted for by the mixed terms upon which they were produced. 

 At the roadway leading up to the path extending to the Military 

 Hospital an 18 inch drain descending from that structure had been 

 broken across in the upper part, and a large volume of clear water 

 was seen flowing down in a rapid stream. 



Many of the effects on buildings are well illustrated by some 

 of the Geological Photographs presented to the East Kent Natural 

 History Society, and preserved in their album. An excellent one, 

 by Captain McDakin, No. 21, shows the singular eflfect of a 

 double pressure on a groyne on the shore, producing a zigzag 

 fracture ; Nos. 24, 25, 27, show the effects of the displacement of 

 land at Encombe, whilst Nos. 20, 28, 29, 30, exhibit the destruction 

 of a glass house and injury and displacement in other structures at 

 the same spot ; Nos. 22, 23, 31 to 36, display injuries to houses in 

 Chapel street and approximate sites ; 34 is an instance of the 

 effect of upheaval in the interior of a house, in the scullery, when 

 the other external evidence by cracks seemed scarcely commensu- 

 rate. The number of houses damaged were stated to be about 

 two hundred. Mr. A. Bromley, the local architect and surveyor, 

 after a special survey of one section, including seventy houses, 

 reported that twenty-four should be condemned, forty-five might 

 be repaired and rendered habitable. 



Mr. Baldwin Latham, C.E., who was consulted by the Local 

 authority as to the protective remedy against future mischief, 

 recommended tapping the water iu the hill by the insertion of 

 drains at a sufficient depth in the ground where the subsidence had 

 taken place ; such drains to be carried down to the natural outlet 

 for the springs. 



In the Kentish Gazette, 27th February, 1894, there is a notice 

 that Mr. Latham has notified that these works are practically 

 completed. It was originally intended to lay the drain at a depth 

 of nine feet, but difficulties arising from the nature of the ground, 

 and the enormous quantity of water contained in it at the higher 

 levels of Encombe, it was found necessary to go to a depth in 

 places of 23 feet. The length of this drain is 4,000 feet, having 

 attached to it five laterals of six-inch pipes, and it opens on the 

 shore below high- water level. The work embraces the whole area 

 of the slip from Chapel street to the ground of the War Department. 

 The average quantity of water discharged by these drains is 

 36,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. 



