6 
Dissolve the soap in the water and add (boiling hot) to the kerosene. 
Churn the mixture by means of a force pump and spray nozzle for 5 or 
10 minutes. The emulsion, if perfect, forms a cream which thickens 
upon cooling, and should adhere without oiliness, to the surface of 
glass. Dilute one part of the emulsion with 25 parts of water. 
A common grade of kerosene, which is good enough for this work, 
can be bought in most localities at 8 cents per gallon by the barrel, 
and the soap used can be made for 1 cent a pound. This would make 
the batch given above cost 84 cents, and diluted with 25 gallons of 
water to 1 of the emulsion would make 38% gallons of wash. At this 
rate 100 gallons will cost 20 cents. 
Formula for fish-oil soap. 
Hirsch’s Crystal*Potashliyesss:.2s4ss422-6 Se ee POUNd eames 
Pish-Oil. 222 2a) sis sais ses cies Seecepsos oes meee ee seeee cee ee pints.. 3 
NObt water=...cce seer esse Seeebs vo6eds copdbo sos Senesbe gallons.. 2 
The lye is dissolved in the water, and when brought to the boiling 
point the oil is added. -The batch should be cooked about two hours. 
When done it should be filled up to make up for the evaporation by 
boiling, and there will be about 25 pounds as a result of the formula. 
When cold it can be cut and handled in cakes. 
The fish-oil will cost about 36 cents per gailon in New York City, the 
lye 9 cents per pound. This batch of 25 pounds thus costs a little under 
1 cent per pound. A strong suds made at the rate of 1 pound of this 
soap to 8 gallons of water will be found a uniformly safe and satisfac- 
tory wash to use, killing the lice and not harming the vines. After 
standing three days, however, the suds will lose its efficacy. 
Spraying Apparatus.—In a large hop yard it will be necessary to have 
a pump which must be drawn by horse-power. Such an apparatus we 
have shown upon Plate 1, taken from the annual report of this Depart- 
ment for 1888. The important points are, a good double-acting single- 
cylinder force pump and a good spraying nozzle. Pumps of this char- 
acter can be purchased from the Nixon Nozzle and Machine Company, 
Dayton, Ohio ($20), the Field Force Pump Company, Lockport, N. 
Y. ($12), the Gould Manufacturing Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y. ($14). 
The best nozzles are the Cyclone or Riley nozzle, which can be bought 
from Thos. Somerville & Sons, Washington, D. C. (50 cents), or the 
Field Force Pump Company, Lockport, N. Y., and the Climax nozzle, 
which can be bought from the Nixon Nozzle and Machine Company, of 
Dayton ($1). 
. Proper pumps already mounted on tanks or barrels ready for use can 
be purchased from either the Field Force Pump Company or the 
Gould Manufacturing Company. 
Any hop-grower, however, can readily prepare the apparatus as 
shown on Plate I, after the pump and nozzle have been purchased. 
