3 
DESCRIPTION OF THE INSECT AND ITS LIFE-HISTORY. 
The San José Scale belongs to the same group of scale-insects—the 
Diaspine, or armored scales—to which the common and well-known 
Oyster-shell Bark-louse of the Apple belongs. It differs from this 
species, and in fact from all other eastern species found upon deciduous 
fruit trees, in that the scale is perfectly round, or at most very slightly 
elongated or irregular. It is flat, pressed close to the bark, resembles 
the bark of the twigs in color, and when fully grown is about one-eighth 
of aninch in diameter. At or near the middle of each scale is a small, 
~ cL 
Fia. 1.—San José Scale: a, pear, moderately infested—natural size; b, female scale—enlarged. 
(Original.) 
round, slightly elongated black point; or this point may sometimes 
appear yellowish. The full-grown scale, enlarged, is shown at Fig. 1, 6. 
When occurring upon the bark of the twigs or leaves and in large 
numbers, the scales lie close to each other, frequently overlapping, and 
are at such times difficult to distinguish without a magnifying glass. 
The general appearance which they present is of a grayish, very slightly 
roughened scurfy deposit. (See Fig. 2.) 
The natural rich reddish color of the limbs of the Peach and Apple is 
quite obscured when these trees are thickly infested, and they have 
then every appearance of being coated with lime or ashes. When the 
