7 
cious, and it is doubtful whether any of them will prove of more benefit 
than the kerosene emulsion just mentioned. Owing to the fact that 
we have had no summer experience with this insect in the East, we 
can not state positively the strengths of certain washes which may be 
used successfully without damage to the trees during summer. In 
California, however, one of our agents, Mr. D. W. Coquillett, has used 
with success during the summer a resin wash which was made in the 
following proportions: 
IRGC. Sk used oles Beene eS Cee Gee ee eB aee ee pounds... 20 
@austicssodan(iOsperscent:strencth) pss eos se eae ee ee ee Fee COsads © 
iGO Oblsseucdt ds See eee eto Rae Ba Seas eee ee eee, pintse=: =o 
Viairersuiiclentplonmalke yaaa ty ese oe Sent athe seen ents me gallons. . 100 
It is probable that this mixture will not be too strong for eastern 
trees, since, in general, with other insecticides, the climate of California 
seems to render trees rather more susceptible to injury than is the case 
in the East. For a winter wash the same ingredients may be used in 
the following proportions: 
RR SISII oo ch LE hae eg Oe pounds.. 30 
Cansticrsodant/Oiperccentistrength)see 2522 522 222 2) eee ee do ssa no 
ISI QU cece Cer oe cua meses Reais ae wee ee A ee ere eis oe pints.. 44 
\Waibermsuthicientatomm kes ae mess see ae seo. eet eee ee ee gallons. 100 
The most favored winter remedy in California, however, is the lime, 
salt, and sulphur mixture. This is generally used throughout the 
State by progressive fruit growers. It consists of — 
lWnslakedslimesseers ter Ate ce anette EOE ho Bio Bey pounds... 10 
SUMNER cocacce Shs ice Se COR Se Re ae ea ere ete 0 [oR eset TS) 
SHIGE Baila 8 Se es a ere eS ee Ns ne doz-2= 34 
VAVCHUGIP (HO) Ta She eR sl ee ne a gallons._ 15 
This wash will do great damage to the trees if applied during the 
growing season, and should be used only in winter. All the sulphur and 
half the lime are placed in a kettle, and 8} gallons water added, after 
which the contents of the kettle are boiled briskly for about an hour. 
The solution, which at first is yellow from the sulphur, will turn very 
dark brown, assuming more or less of a reddish tint, and will finally 
change from a thick batter to a thoroughly liquid condition, the 
product being ordinary sulphide of lime. All the sulphur is added to 
the remaining 5 pounds of lime and the latter slaked, after which the 
slaked lime and salt are added to the sulphide of lime already obtained, 
the whole being then diluted with water to make 15 gallons. This 
should be strained before application, as it does not form a perfect 
liquid solution, on account of the considerable quantity of undissolved 
lime, which will soon settle to the bottom unless the solution is con- 
stantly stirred while being sprayed. 
In the experience of the Division in California and Washington this 
solution has not been as successful as could be desired, but it has con- 
siderable popularity among the fruit growers of California. 
