REPORT ON THE STAPENHILL EXPLORATIONS. Igt 
then, may be classified according to their cephalic index. If this 
index be high as ‘80 or more, such skulls are termed Brachy- 
cephalic, or round-headed ; and if on the other hand this index 
be as low as -73 or less, such skulls are termed Dolichocephalic. 
The averages of a number of measurements of British, Romano- 
British, and English skulls, made by Davis and Thurnam, give 
the following results :— 
Mean of 30 English (Saxon) men... *75 
“e 30 Romano-British men are 
= 30 British (Celtic) men & +) °S8O 
Previous to the occupation of Britain by the Celts, who were a 
round-headed, fair-haired people, Britain was peopled by a low- 
statured, dark-haired, long-headed race, known to us as the 
Iberians, the cephalic index of whose skulls reaches as low a 
number in some instances as ‘70; the great length of head in this 
case being due to a very large development of the occiput. On 
the other hand the Saxons were also a long-headed race, but their 
length of head was due to a frontal rather than an occipital 
development. The typical English or Anglo-Saxon skull is 
Gefined by Dr. Thurnam as prognathous (lower jaw projecting), 
with large facial bones, and a cephalic index averaging *75; and 
these characteristies are equally to be found in the Gothic, 
Frankish, and Scandinavian skulls. Perhaps it would be as well 
to emphasize here the fact that no round skulls (as indicating 
Early British or Celtic origin) have been found in any true 
English or Saxon barrow in any part of England; all the skulls 
that have been met with belong to what we may call the Dolicho- 
cephalic Teutonic type. It seems strange at first sight that this 
should be so, as one would think that intermarriages would have 
taken place between the conquerors and the conquered ; but this 
does not appear to have been the case; and I think it serves to 
show most conclusively how completely the English exterminated 
the British wherever they went, ruthlessly and mercilessly driving 
before them, and, where resistance was offered, slaughtering men, 
- women, and children. 
It cannot fail to be observed that the contents of the burial 
