CROXDEN ABBEY. 135 
foreign aspect, doubtless the result of the influence of the 
parent house. Unfortunately a public road has at some time 
been made right across the middle of the church, and for this 
the remains of the North aisle and North transept, and the 
South side of the choir have been entirely sacrificed. The old 
mill is still in use, though, of course, much altered since 
medieval times. The old Gate House Chapel, which was 
converted into a parish church after the dissolution, was 
pulled down about ten years ago, and a new church of good 
design was built close by. 
The following are a few of the points to be especially 
observed in the existing ruins. In the West front of the 
church the descent of the side lights is somewhat unusual. 
The height of these windows is no less than thirty-five feet. 
The greensward is about the ancient floor level in the nave. 
In the wall of the South aisle of the nave the vaulting shafts 
and ribs show that the aisles had groined vaults. The South 
end and West sides of the South transept are almost entire. 
The lancet windows at the end of this transept were half 
blocked by the roof of the dormitory, as may be seen from 
the marks on the outside wall. On the East side of this 
transept were two chapels, with clustered pillars and vaulted. 
Each contained an altar—that to the North dedicated to the 
Holy Trinity, and that to the South to S. Benedict. The 
whole length of the church was 240 feet and the width 57 
feet. The East end terminated in five small apses, but 
only the remains of half of one of them still exist. This is 
eastward of the public road that I have spoken of. ‘This 
arrangement of the East end, though frequent in France, 
was unusual in England, the only other example being at 
Beaulieu, in Hampshire. In the central one of these five 
apses, no doubt, stood the Altar of the Blessed Virgin. 
Three stone coffins, without lids, are to be seen sunk in the 
greensward before the site of the high altar. These are prob- 
ably those of Nicholas de Verdun, the son of the founder, 
