214 ESSAY ON CLASSIFICATION. Part I. 



CLASSIFICATION OF FITZINGER. 



This diagram is extracted from Fitzinger's Systema Reptilium, Vindobonas, 1843, 1 vol. 8vo. 



T. Provincia. Evert ebrata. 



Animalia systematum anatomieorum vegetativorum gradum evolutionis exhibentia. 



A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum. 



I. Circulus. Gastrozoa. 



Evolutio systematis nutritionis. 



a. Evolutio prsvalens b. Evolutio praevalens c. Evolutio prtevalens 



systematis digestionis. systematis circulationis. aystematis respirationis. 



Cl. 1. Infusoria. Cl. 2. Zoophyta. Cl. 3. Acalephae. 



II. Circulus. Physiozoa. 



Evolutio systematis generationis. 

 Cl. 4. Vermes. Cl. 5. Radiata. Cl. 6. Annulata. 



B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium. 



III. Circulus. Dermatozoa. 

 Evolutio systematis sensibilitatis. 



Cl. 7. Acephala. Cl. 8. Cephalopoda. Cl. 9. Moll u sea. 



IV. Circulus. Arthrozoa. 

 Evolutio systematis motus. 



Cl. 10. Crustacea. Cl. 11. Arachnoidea. Cl. 12. Insecta. 



II. Provincia. Vertebkata. 



Animalia systematum anatomieorum animalium gradum evolutionis exhibentia. 



A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum. 



a. Evolutio systematis nutritionis, simulqne ossium : . . Cl. 13. Pisces. 



b. Evolutio systematis generationis, simulque musculorum: Cl. 14. Reptilia. 



B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium. 



c. Evolutio systematis sensibilitatis, simulque nervorum: Cl. 15, Aves. 



d. Evolutio systematis motus, simulque sensuum : . . . Cl. 1 G. Ma m m a 1 i a . 



The fundamental idea of the classification of Fitzinger is the same as that 

 upon which Oken has based his system. The higher divisions, called by him 

 provinces, grades, and cycles, as well as the classes and orders, are considered as 

 representing either some combination of different systems of organs, or some par- 

 ticular system of organs, or some special organ. His two highest groups (provinces) 

 are the Evertebrata and Vertebrata. The Evertebrata represent the systems of 

 the vegetative organs, and the Vertebrata those of the animal organs, as the Gut- 



