444 AMERICAN TESTUDINATA. Part II. 



a specimen for me from the Little Madawaska River, in lat. 47° north, Maine. 

 There is less difference in the length of the tail in the males and females 

 than in Actinemys marmorata. 



IV. Actinemys, A(/. Edge of the upper jaw straight, with a notch in front ; 

 lower jaw broad at the symphysis toward the lower edge, strong, and strongly 

 arched upward. Males, with a long, tapering tail ; in the females the tail is 

 short and blunt. Young, with radiating stria3 upon the scales, the centre of 

 which remains for a long time granular, as in Testudo tabulata. Adults, smooth. 



AcTiNEiMYs MARMORATA, A(/} Varies from green to black, mottled with light dots, 

 more or less radiating. Light yellowish below ; a few specimens have the black 

 angle of the sternal scales that chai-acterizes Glyptemys insculpta. 



This is the only species of Emydoid known from the Avestern slope of the 

 continent of North America. I have received a fine series of specimens from 

 San Francisco, California, from my friend, T. G. Gary, Jr. I have also exam- 

 ined a number of specimens belonging to the Smithsonian Institute, among which 

 are the originals of Baird and Girard's Emys marmorata, and of Dr. Hallowell's 

 Emys nigra. The former species is founded upon the young, the latter upon the 

 black variety of the adult. It appears from these specimens that Actinemj's 

 marmorata is found from Puget Sound to Monterey, California. 



Three out of five genera of this sub-family are characteristic of New Eng- 

 land and the middle Atlantic States, while the fourth is exclusively found in Cali- 

 fornia, and the fifth in Europe. There are no representatives of this type in the 

 Western or Southern States. This is particularly remarkable, when considered in 

 connection with the similarity which exists between the ichthyology of Europe and 

 that of New England, and the striking contrast there is between that of the lat- 

 ter region and the other ichthyological Faume of North America. 



THE SUB-FAMILY OF CISTUDININA. 



I have already stated, (p. 251,) that the genus Cistudo should be limited to 

 the North American Box Turtles, and that it differs widely from the true genus 

 Emys, with which it is generally associated. 



Cistudo, Flem. Head, very high. The temporal arch is either cartilaginous or 

 only partially ossified. Horizontal alveolar edge, narrow ; beak of the upper jaw 

 projecting downward, with or without a notch in the middle ; lower jaw, sharp- 



■" Tliis is Baird and Girard's Emys marmorata, also under the name of Emys nigra, by Dr. Hal- 

 Proc. Ac. Xat. Sc. Pliil. 1852, p. 177, described lowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1854, p. 91. 



