18 BURTON WATERS—DRINKING AND BREWING. 
who have not considered the subject, that for brewing 
purposes, water is required in enormously greater quantity 
than the amount of beer produced, thus, there is used in 
Burton not less than *1o barrels of water in winter, and 13 
barrels of water in summer for each barrel of beer produced. 
Fortunately the water required need not all be of the same 
special quality, so essential, for the actual production of 
high class ales. Thus for boiley use, rain water and the 
softest water obtainable is desirable, perfectly irrespective of 
its organic purity or its temperature. Then for washing-out 
plant and casks, and general cleansing purposes, the 
temperature of the original supply is unimportant, in fact, 
it is economical and advisable to use the water which has 
already been used for cooling the beer in the refrigerator 
for this purpose. On the other hand for cooling purposes, 
both in the refrigerator and through the attemperators, it 
is desirable to have the coolest possible supply, and the 
question of its chemical composition is of but little importance, 
so that river water mixed with ice may here be used with 
impunity, especially if it has first been filtered through a 
little sand to remove suspended matter, as this is undesirable, 
tending to choke the pipes. Waters tending to quickly “ fur” 
or scale, such as highly carbonated waters, are undesirable 
either for boiler use or refrigerator purposes, as such scale 
would reduce the heating and cooling efficiency, respectively, 
of the boilers and refrigerators. Then for actual brewing 
purposes the temperature of the supply is unimportant, but 
the purity and chemical composition is of the greatest 
importance. 
Molyneux, in 1869, quotes the approximate output of all 
the breweries in Burton at about 1,400,000 barrels, not as 
much, I believe, as our leading firm now produces alone, 
and I think I am not far out if I say Burton is now 
producing considerably over 4,000,000 barrels a year. Taking 
* Nore: these figures have been corrected since the reading of the paper. 
