153 DISPERSAL OF SEEDS. 
layer of woody cells lying in a diagonal position across each of the 
valves. 
The pods of the Common Broom (Cytisus scoparius) twist up 
when they discharge the little smooth brown seeds, which are shot to 
some distance. 
The Furze or Gorse (ULEX EUROP#HUS) has black, hairy pods, 
which twist up when ripe and burst with a small report. On a hot 
day the sound when standing near a clump of Gorse resembles the 
crackling sound of the burning of thin sticks. 
The Genus Papaya has a very interesting method of discharging 
the seeds from the capsule. 
The seeds of the Poppy are very minute, and heavy in comparison 
to the size. They are produced in great quantities on the six to 
twelve partitions in the capsule. These seeds are discharged through 
a series of pores in the upper part of the capsule (one to each parti- 
tion) when the plant is swung by the wind they come out one by one. 
These pores, or little doors, are protected from the rain by the over- 
hanging eaves formed by the dry stigma. 
The Genus Campanu.a,to which the pretty little hairbell belongs, 
is interesting from the same point of view as the Poppy. In this 
case some species have the capsule erect with the pores at the top, 
and others have it pendant with the pores at the base. 
If the drooping capsules of CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA (the Hair- 
bell) are examined, it is easy to see the three pores through which 
the minute seeds are shaken out as the plant sways in the breeze on 
its very slender stem. 
CAMPANULA LATIFOLIA, the Giant Bell Flower, is a large plant 
growing three or four feet high, with pendant capsules, also opening 
with three pores at the base. There are three divisions in the 
capsule, the septa of these come in the middle of the pores, so that 
when the pore breaks open it also tears the septum down, thus setting 
