io) 
3 SEN MUT—AN EGYPTIAN CRICHTON 
duties of a ruler; was a firm believer in the deified destiny of her 
country, quick to perceive, and equally ready to avail herself of men 
of ability. Guided by their counsels she constucted enormous works 
of utility. erected temples, enlarged and embellished others, built 
great quays along the Nile, constructed works of irrigation, canalized 
a stream connecting the Nile with the Red Sea, made peace 
treaties with many nations, formed an enormous fleet trading along 
the East African and Asiatic Coasts and the Mediterranean Sea, 
bringing back cargoes of gold, silver, precious stones, works of Art, 
ivory, ebony, incense, peacocks, apes, leopards, tigers, skins, dyes, 
and tin—possibly the latter not only came from Spain, but her 
ships may have sailed as far as our own Tin Islands. 
In her portraits Hatshepsut is often depicted as a boy, some- 
times as a man, and nearly always dressed as a king, her decrees 
in every known instance being issued as a king’s, and rarely is any 
reference made to her as a woman, and after the death of her 
husband she entirely abandoned the feminine dress. In later life 
her face is shown worn, strong, pathetic, regal, dignified, and 
masculine, indicating untiring energy, an inlomitable spirit, full of 
action and vigorous life, and like our good Queen Bess—the 
possessor of a temper. She died at the age of 60 years, and was 
succeeded by her half-brother Thothmes 3rd, who had married 
Hatshepsut’s eldest surviving daughter. 
Hatshepsut had ruled her father, her husband, and her daughter 
with a rod of iron. 
When her successor came to the throne he was a man thirty 
years of age; he had long smarted under the restraint, and in revenge 
he destroyed many of her portraits, and chiselled out her name, 
appropriated her works of fame, and has earned the title of King of 
the Plagiarists. 
Of the many brilliant and able men who served Hatshepsut, 
Sen Mut stood head and shoulders above the rest, and exerted the 
greatest influence; his counsel was not only sought but followed. 
A man of transcendant ability, not only directing the jhome and 
foreign policy, but an artist, who carried to the highest point of 
excellence ever reached, buildings, sculptures, and ornamentation 
