upper end of the cocoon in a neat cap. The fly (fig. 4, f) is pea-green in color, 

 with, in life, bronzy eyes with greenish reflections. The adult is a very helpless 

 insect, does qoI feed at all, and remains concealed in low grass during the day, 

 becoming more active in the evening and depositing its eggs, so far as observed, 

 only at this time, though perhaps also (luring the night. Its sole reason for 

 existing is to deposit eggs, and having accomplished this it dies. It is a very 

 fragile insect, and can not he handled without being crushed, hut is withal 

 rather active and difficult to catch. When taken it emits a most disgusting 

 odor, which seems to he its chief means of protection from enemies. While the 

 species referred to above was the common one in the orchard in question, 

 others also occurred there. The differences between these species are so slight, 

 however, that no one but a specialist would detect them, and the habits are 

 practically the same for all. 



Two or three species of ladybirds were also observed running about over the 

 pear trees, the commonest one being Adalia bipunctata L., a little red species 

 with two black spots on its elytra (tig. (i, r). This species was seen in the 

 orchard with an adult I'sylla in its mandibles, and in my breeding cage at 

 Washington one or two adults cleaned the eggs from the leaves of a young pear 



Pig. 6.— Adalia iiputietata: a, larva; &, mouth-parts of same: c, claw of same 

 f, antenna of same— all enlarged (original). 



</, pupa; 



a. lull: 



tree about as fast as upward of fifty to seventy-five Psyllas laid them. The larvae 

 of the ladybird (fig, 6, ") were equally active and beneficial, and I had no diffi- 

 culty in rearing a brood from the egg on the eggs and larvae of the I'sylla. 



REMEDIAL TREATMENTS ADVISED. 



Spraying lias practically no value against the adults during their active summer 



existence, hecause they are comparatively shy and at the first disturbance fly to 

 other trees. The experience gained by Mr. Slingerland, and the results of a 

 series of experiments conducted in Maryland, have shown that the larval periods 

 in the life cycle of the I'sylla are particularly vulnerable, ami of the first brood 

 especially so, hecause occurring when spraying can he most economically and 

 efficiently practiced. Spraying to reach the midsummer broods of larvae when 

 the trees are in full fruit is more or less impractical, hut may he sometimes 



useful, particularly with young orchards. The following treatments are therefore 



recommended: The firsl is a spring application, which should he made immedi- 

 ately after the leaves are well unfolded and the eggs deposited hv the hibernating 

 individuals are hatched. A thorough spraying at this time with kerosene emul- 

 sion, diluted to the normal strength with nine parts of water, or. if applied 



