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01272 6642 
or two after emerging, feed on the newly expanded foliage, and a spraying with 
Paris green or other arsenical will destroy the great majority of them. Especial 
pains should be taken to accomplish the destruction of the insect in this stage, | 
in order to prevent the partial disfigurement which will result if the matter be | 
delayed until the larvee begin to appear. If rains interfere with spraying for 
the adults, or if it be neglected, the trees should be sprayed with arsenicals 
promptly on the first appearance of the larvie, and the application perhaps re- 
newed a week or ten days later, especially if rains have intervened. 
Paris green is the best arsenical, and may be safely used on elms at the 
rate of 1 pound to 100 to 150 gallons of water. If London purple be used, an 
sinount of lime equal to the poison in weight should be added to combine with 
any free arsenic and prevent scalding of foliage. The liquid should be applied 
with a strong force pump with a long hose and a nozzle, such as the Vermorel 
or Nixon, which will make a fine mist-like spray. In spraying for the larvee it 
is very essential to thoroughly wet the lower side of the leaves, on which they 
principally feed. In the case of the adults, this is not so necessary, because 
they eat the entire substance of the leaf, and will get the poison from either 
side. 
On elms 15 or 20 feet in height, the treatment can be made from the ground 
or from a wagon. For larger elms, it will be necessary to climb up into 
the tree, using a hose 50 to 100 feet long, and directing the spray by this means 
into the upper branches. By removing the spray tip from a large size Nixon 
nozzle, so as to get a direct discharge, the upper branches of comparatively tall 
trees may be reached and sprayed in a more or less satisfactory manner. In 
the case of very large elms in city parks or streets, the use of stronger appara- 
tus may be advisable, such as a fire engine or steam pump and a larger nozzle, 
such as a graduating spray tip, capable of throwing either a direct stream or a 
spray. During spraying the poison should be constantly stirred to prevent it 
from settling to the bottom of the tank. 
The first effort should be to destroy the beetles and larvee at their earliest 
appearance, to save the trees for the current year. Sometimes, however, larvze 
in the tops of tall trees will escape, and, whenever from inefficient spraying or 
neglect they are allowed to reach maturity, a strong effort should be made to 
destroy the insect when it reaches the ground to transform, and thus limit or 
preyent damage from the second brood or in the following year. The collection 
of the larvee for pupation, frequently’ in enormous numbers immediately about 
the base of the tree, makes it comparatively easy to destroy them in this 
situation. This may be accomplished either by wetting them with boiling 
water or with kerosene emulsion, diluted about four times. Frequently they 
may be collected by hand or shoveled up, and burned or otherwise destroyed. 
Remedial treatment is much simpler in the northern areas of the range of 
this insect, where it is single-brooded, and becomes more difficult in the south- 
ern districts, where the number of broods is doubled, and the appearance of 
the insect becomes somewhat irregular, continuing practically throughout the 
sulnimer. 
C. L. MARLATT, 
First Assistant Entomologist. 
Approved. 
CuHaAs. W. DABNEY, JY., 
Assistant Secretary. 
WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23, 1895. 
[Cir. 8] 
