PREVKNTIVES AM) KE:\rEDIES. 



There are two principal methods of preventing- injnrv by this insect, 

 viz: (1) means, mechanical and other, designed either to keep the 

 female moth from depositing her eggs on the trees or at least to pre- 

 vent the young larvse from effecting an entrance into the bark; and, 

 (2) applications to the trunk, which Avill poison the larva> in eating 

 in from the outside. All of these preventive measures nuist be 

 attended to before the emergence of the parent insect, which will A^ary 

 as indicated in the different latitudes. 



There is no better mechanical protection than the one I'ecommended 

 by Harris in 182G, which consists in removing a little of the earth 

 from about the base of the tree and surrounding the trunk with a 

 strip of sheathing paper eight oi' nine inches wide, and extending 2 

 inches below the soil, secured with strings above, and by replacing 

 the soil about the trunk below. The wrai)pings may be removed 

 in winter and renewed in June. A more durable sheathing for the 

 trunk, described by Dr. Lintner, is one of fine wire netting. Cylin- 

 ders of this wire 15 inches long can be secured, it is stated, for 

 about $12 per 100. Rye or other straw may be bound al:)out the 

 trunks of the trees or any similar material may be used as a means 

 of mechanical protection. An old remedy consists of mounding up 

 earth a foot or so about the trunks Avitli the same object in view. 

 In late years very good success has been luul by coating the trunks 

 with a heavy whitewash, which may be- made more tough and per- 

 sistent by the addition of a little glue or soft soap. All of these 

 applications should extend from a few inches below the surface of 

 the ground upward to a height of one foot to eighteen inches. In 

 the case of the lime coatings the applications may extend up to the 

 lower branches. A protective measure, which has very recently 

 been tried successfully in New Jersey (Smith), is in the use of 

 insect lime, either of domestic manufacture or foi'cign brand, apply- 

 ing it in a coating about three-sixteenths of an inch thick to the 

 trunks of the trees from the ground to the l)ian('h(>s. first preferably 

 scraping off the loose bark. 



Somewhat allied to mechanical protections are applications to the 

 trunk which ai'e obnoxious to the moths and which may ])revent them 

 from ovipositing. Carbolic acid washes are perhaps the best for this 

 purpose, and various formulas have been given. Dr. Lintner (|uotes 

 Mr. Batesman, of Painesville. Ohio, as having had good success with 

 the following wash : 



One pint of crude carbolic acid or one-half pint of refined acid, 

 combined with a gallon of good soft soap, and the whole diluted with 

 the addition of 8 gallons of soft water. The wash is applied 

 thoroughly with a bi'ush, care being taken to wet all the crevices. 



The following similar wash is reconnnended by 'Sir. J. IT ITalc, 

 the Avell-known ]ieach growei- of Connecticut : 



I (Mr. 17] 



