3 
The pupa is uniformly light orange-yellow, oval in shape, strongly 
‘convex dorsally, and a little over a quarter of an inch in length. It 
is shown in the illustration at 7, enlarged. 
The egg stage lasts about a week, the larva normally fifteen to 
twenty days, and the pupa six to ten days. 
NUMBER OF BROODS AND DATES OF APPEARANCE. 
In the more southern range of this insect, including Maryland, 
Virginia, Delaware, and most of New Jersey, there are two broods 
annually, with an occasional smaller third generation. Farther north, 
including northern New Jersey, Long Island, New York State, and 
Connecticut, there is in general but one well-marked brood, with 
sometimes a supplemental or partial second brood. 
Throughout the double-brooded area the: beetles make their ap- 
pearance m spring about the middle of April, beginning to come out 
before the elms have put out their leaves, continuing on the trees 
through May, and perishing soon after egg-laying is finished. The 
eges of the first brood are deposited during May and into June, the 
larve of this brood occurring from early in May throughout June. 
Pupation takes place during June and July, and beetles of the second 
or summer brood emerge during July and into August. The eggs for 
the second brood of larve are deposited by these beetles from the 
middle of July throughout August, and the larve of the second 
brood skeletonize the second growth of elm leaves during the latter 
part of July and August, the later specimens occurring up to October. 
Pupation occurs chiefly during August and September, the beetles 
appearing from the last of August throughout September, and enter- 
ing winter quarters during September and October. 
In the single-brooded regions the beetles do not appear in spring 
until the last of May, and, in general, the periods are fully a month 
later for the different stages than in the southern districts, the beetles 
of the summer brood transforming most abundantly about the Ist 
of August. After feeding on the leaves a little while, and doing very 
inconsiderable damage, they go into winter quarters during August 
and September, remaining dormant eight or nine months. 
HABITS OF LARVA AND HIBERNATION OF ADULTS. 
The larvee from each batch of eggs feed together for a time, but 
ordinarily become separated and scattered later, especially with a 
scantiness of food. When full grown the larve usually crawl down 
the branches to the trunk and then to the ground, pupating almost 
immediately on or very near the surface of the soil about the 
base of the tree. They are apt to seek partial protection about 
grass bunches, but frequently accumulate in masses, exposed on the 
(Cir. 8] 
