5 
foliage. The adults, for the week or two after emerging, feed on the 
newly expanded foliage, and a spraying with Paris green or other 
arsenical will destroy the great majority of them. Especial pains 
should be taken to accomplish the destruction of the insect in this 
stage, in order to prevent the partial disfigurement of the trees which 
will result if the matter be delayed until the larvee begin to appear. 
If rains interfere with spraying for the adults, or if it be neglected, 
the trees should be sprayed with arsenicals promptly on the first 
appearance of the larve, and the application perhaps renewed a week 
or ten days later, especially if rains have intervened. 
Paris green is the best arsenical, and may be safely used on elms at 
the rate of 1 pound to from 100 to 150 gallons of water. If London 
purple be used, an amount of lime equal to the poison in weight should _ 
be added to combine with any free arsenic and prevent scalding of 
foliage. The liquid should be applied by a strong force pump, a 
long hose, and a nozzle, such as the Vermorel or Nixon, which will 
make a fine mist-like spray. In spraying for the larve it is very 
essential to thoroughly wet the lower side of the leaves, on which they 
principally feed. In the case of the adults this is not so necessary, 
because they eat the entire substance of the leaf, and will get the 
poison from either side. 
On elms 15 or 20 feet in height the treatment can be made from 
the ground or from a wagon. For larger elms it will be necessary to 
climb the tree, using a hose from 50 to 100 feet long, and directing 
the spray by this means into the upper branches. By removing the 
spray tip from a large size Nixon nozzle, in order to get a direct dis- 
charge, the upper branches of comparatively tall trees may be 
reached and sprayed in a more or less satisfactory manner. In the 
case of very large elms in city parks or streets the use of stronger 
apparatus may be advisable, such as a fire engine or steam pump, and 
a larger nozzle, such as a graduating spray tip, capable of throwing 
either a direct stream or a spray. During spraying the poison should 
be constantly stirred to prevent it from settling to the bottom of the 
tank. 
The first effort should be to destroy the beetles and larve at their 
earliest appearance, to save the trees for the current year. Some- 
times, however, larve in the tops of tall trees will escape, and, when- 
ever from inefficient spraying or neglect they are allowed to reach 
maturity, a strong effort should be made to destroy the insect when 
it reaches the ground to transform, and thus limit or prevent dam- 
age from the second brood or in the following year. The congre- 
gating of the larve for pupation, frequently in enormous numbers, 
immediately about the base of the tree makes their destruction in 
this situation comparatively easy. This may be accomplished either 
[Cir. 8] 
