The principal remedies employed against these pests in the past have had for 

 their object the preventing of the wingless female moths from ascending the 

 trees to deposit their eggs. Various mechanical devices have been used, and 

 these, while troublesome and expensive, and in general superseded by the arseni- 

 cal treatment, may still be of service in special cases, or where spraying can not 

 well be practiced. One of the simplest devices, and one giving as good satisfac- 

 tion as any other, consists in surrounding the trunk of each tree with a band of 

 stiff paper. This band should be six or eight inches wide, and its lower edge 

 should rest upon the ground, or be pressed a short distance into it in order to 

 prevent the moths fi-om gaining access to any portion of the tree except by first 

 passing over this band. The adhesive substance should then be applied to the 

 upper portion of it. The moths, finding themselves miable to pass over this 

 barrier, will deposit their eggs on the lower part of it. 



The bands should be applied to the trees about the first of Marcli, and tlie ad- 

 hesive substance renewed until the trees begin to leaf out, after which the bands 

 should be removed and destroyed. In the matter of applying them the orchardist 

 should be guided by his own observations, since the time of appearance of the 

 moths will vary according to the locality and season. 



THE FALL CANKER-WORM. 



{Anisopteryx pometaria Harr.) 

 This insect so closely resembles the preceding species as to be often mistaken 

 for it. A careful comparison of the accompanying illustrations, however, will 

 render the separation of the two forms 

 comparatively easy. The habits and 

 natural history of the two species are 

 so nearly identical that for the present 

 purposes it will only be necessary to 

 indicate their principal d i ff e r e n c e s. 

 The fill! canker-worm is more essentially 

 a northern insect, occurring from 

 Ehode Island to Canada, and west- 

 ward to Lake Superior ; and quite re- 

 cently it has been found in large num- 

 bers in some of the orchai'ds of northern California. The eggs are deposited 

 principally in late autumn or eai'ly winter, although during mild winters egg- 

 laying sometimes continues as late as the month of March. The eggs somewhat 

 resemble miniature flower pots, being small at the lower end, and gradually en- 

 larging to the top, which is quite flat. They are attached to the bark in masses of 

 from sixty to two hundred, placed side by side in exposed situations. Hatching 



occurs at alDout the same time as with the 

 ])receding species, and the worms attain 

 their full growth and enter the earth at 

 about the same time as the latter, but in- 

 stead of simply lining their cells with a 

 few strands of silk they spin dense cocoons 

 of a yellowish silk. The change to the 

 chrysalis takes place about one month 

 after tlie spinning of the cocoons, and 

 the adults issue for the most part from 

 the middle of October to the middle of 

 December, although during mild winters 

 a few issue as late as March. 



Owing to the fact that the chrysalids 

 are inclosed in tough cocoons, plowing the 



Fig. 3. — Anisopteryx pometaria: a, male 

 moth; b, female — natural size; c, joints of fe- 

 male antenna; d, joint of female abdomen — 

 enlarged. (From Riley). 



fWM 



Fro. 4. — Anisopteryx pometaria: a, 5, egg; 

 c, d, side and dorsal views of larval seg- 

 ment — enlarged; e, egg-mass; /, larva; g, 

 female pupa— natural size ; /i, anal tubercle- 

 enlarged. (From Riley.) 



