Another remedy, rarely if ever used on a large scale and one that 
does not find favor except for the protection of very valuable shade 
or fruit trees, consists in a mixture of clay and cow manure spread 
thickly over the trunk and larger branches; and this may be held 
in place with newspapers wrapped about the trunks and larger 
branches. Newspapers alone or tarred paper also give protection. 
These and similar measures effectually deter boring species from issuing 
from the trees or laying their eggs upon them. The covering may 
be removed as soon as the danger has passed, toward the end of July 
in most cases, this date varying somewhat with the locality and the 
species of borers which it is desired to guard against. Lighter appli- 
cations of other mixtures serve the same purpose. 
A wash of lime, to which a small quantity of Paris green or other 
arsenical mixture and a sufficient amount of glue to make it adhesive 
have been added, is a valuable deterrent, as are also a wash consisting 
of soft soap reduced to the consistency of thick paint by the addition 
of a solution of washing soda in water, and a thick wash of soap, 
plaster of Paris, and Paris green. These washes are best colored like 
the bark of the tree and this may be accomplished by the addition of 
a little lamp or bone black. Fish oil is also a valuable deterrent. 
Inrecent years a German product, manufactured from crude petro- 
leum and know as ‘‘raupenleim”, insect lime, or caterpillar lime, 
has come into use as a protective remedy against injurious forest-tree 
insects, and has been the subject of experiment against certain borers 
affecting fruit trees. This preparation is of nearly the same color and 
consistency as oil blacking, and has a greasy, tarry odor. 
A very similar American product has been lately placed on the 
market under the name of ‘‘dendrolene”, and has proved of value 
against fruit borers that work in a somewhat similar manner to the 
species in question. 
These insect limes must be used with considerable caution, partic- 
ularly when applied to young trees; since if applied too thickly they 
are apt to retard the growth and kill the trees. They may be applied 
with a trowel or paddle and distributed with a stiff brush. The 
preparation is viscid in character, and, being a mineral product, does 
not become rancid. A thin application sufficient to retard the beetles 
from ovipositing on the trunks will last about six weeks; a thicker 
quantity, or enough to prevent the newly bred insects from emerging 
through the bark, will endure a much longer time. 
Raupenleim may be obtained of the importers in New York City 
at wholesale in 25 to 250 pound kegs or barrels at the rate of 10 to 15 
cents a pound, and dendrolene may be purchased of the manufac- 
turers in New Brunswick, N. J., at about 6 cents. 
