6 
season, while a neighbor, who had no poultry, planted 450 acres and 
gather od less than 50 bales, the land being exactly of the same class 
of soil. Mr. Howard also states that all the quail killed near Beeville 
have their crops filled with the weevil. 
REMEDIES. 
We have nothing to add to the remarks published in Cireular 18 
on the subject of remedies. In the cultural method of control (there 
mentioned in detail) we believe that a practically complete remedy 
for the insect will be found. We may briefly reiterate the recom- 
mendations regarding this method: 
** The careful investigation of this weevil during the past two or 
three years by the Division of Entomology has fully demonstrated 
the supreme importance of the cultural method of control, to which 
fact we gave special prominence in our first circular on this insect. 
There can be no question now that in the proper system of growing 
cotton a practically complete remedy for the weevil exists. In the 
first place, it has been established beyond question that the conditions 
of cultivation which make volunteer growth possible also make the 
continuance of the weevil inevitable. Of first importance is the 
early removal of the old cotton in the fall, preferably in November 
or earlier. This can be done by throwing out the old plants with a 
plow, root and all, and afterwards raking them together and burning 
them. This treatment should be followed, as promptly as may be, 
by deep plowing, say to a depth of 6 or 8 inches. This leaves the 
field comparatively clean of old cotton stalks, facilitates thorough 
cultivation the following year, and, at the same time, collects and 
destroys all of the weevil larvee and pupz in the cotton at the time, 
and also most of the adults. The escaping beetles will be buried by 
deep plowing, and will not again reach the surface. Few, if any, 
of them will succeed in hibernating in the absence of the ordinary 
rubbish in the fields in which they winter. Fields treated in this 
way have given a practical demonstration of the usefulness of this 
method. 
‘“The greatest danger from the weevil is due to the presence of 
volunteer cotton, which means early food for the weevils in the 
spring and abundant means for their overwintering, and the effort 
made to retain volunteer and get early cotton, or the ‘first bale,’ isa 
very serious menace to cotton culture within the weevil district. 
‘This cultural method, if generally practiced, will undoubtedly 
prove a perfect remedy for upland cotton, and will vastly reduce 
weevil damage in the lowland, where the weevil is more apt to 
winter, perhaps in adjoining woods or roadside vegetation. The 
early removal of cotton by the means suggested is especially advised 
whenever the presence of the weevil shows that the picking of a top 
crop is problematical. In such instances it would be well to uproot 
and destroy cotton stalks in September or October. If this cultural 
method can be enforced, either by State legislation or by the cooper- 
ation and insistence on the part of landowners that their renters shall 
carry out the system outlined, the weevil difficulty can undoubtedly 
in very large measure be overcome. 
