cattle and frequent their legs, and especially the region just above 

 the hoof, for the purpose of oviposition. It is from this common habit 

 of placing their eggs on the part of the body noted that they get the 

 name in the South and West of "heel fly," and it may be for this reason 

 in part that cattle almost invariably seek running water in which to 

 stand to protect themselves from the fly. Furthermore, the fly seems 

 not to approach the animals while standing in or over water, even if 

 the ]>arts where the eggs are likely to be placed are above water, as 

 with animals standing on exposed rocks in streams. 



The eggs are also placed occasionally, if not frequently, on other 

 parts of the body, as the flanks and lower ])ortions generally. In 

 one instance a correspondent observed an old and feeble animal, which 

 had lain down and could not get up to escape, attacked by some fifty 



H.Ji' 



I: 1 Ad 



Fig. 4.— Portion of inside of tanned warbled bide (after Ormerod). 



flies, which were ol)served about her at one time. A dozen or more of 

 these flies were afterward captured and submitted to us for identifica- 

 tion, together with a large number of eggs, from which our illustrations 

 were made. 



Along the Pedernales River cattle would come to the water to 

 escape the flies as early as 9 o'clock in the morning and remain there, 

 for the most part standing on exposed rocks in the stream, until 5 

 o'clock in the evening. In the meantime the flies were observed along 

 the banks of the stream in extraordinary numbers, but none of them 

 seemed to care to approach the cattle. 



One of the most noticeable features connected with the presence of 

 this fly among cattle is the intense excitement which it causes, often 

 amounting to frenzy, stamjjeding the stock and causing them to run 

 violently through shrubbery or to water where the fly will not follow 



