3 
some numbers in certain fields in Maryland and was noticed on late 
peas in New Jersey. 
This insect, as has been stated, was generally injurious during the 
years 1899 and 1900, although somewhat locally in some States, from 
Nova Scotia south to North Carolina and westward to Wisconsin. The 
insect’s occurrence in destructive abundance was noted by 1900 in 
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Ontario, Canada; Maine, Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Del- 
aware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Mich- 
igan, Ohio, Illinois, and Wisconsin.' Sanderson has recorded the 
species as occurring also in Minnesota and Nebraska. Injury in Wis- 
consin was not noticed prior to 1900. 
At intervals since 1901 this species has been injurious locally but 
there have been no widespread outbreaks. During the past three years 
the species has been rather unusually troublesome, judging by com- 
plaints. In 1906 injuries were reported in localities in New York, Vir- 
ginia, Illinois, and Texas. In 1907 the range of destructiveness em- 
braced portions of eastern, central, and western New York and parts of 
Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The insect also 
made its initial appearance as a pest in Louisiana. In 1908 complaints 
were made of ravages on Long Island and in Maryland, Virginia, Penn- 
sylvania, New Jersey, and California. In New Hampshire early peas 
were destroyed and in tidewater Virginia late peas were injured. It is 
evident from recent reports, e. g., those of injuries in Texas, Louisiana, 
and California, that the speciesis likely to be a pest any year practically 
throughout the United States and Canada where peas are grown. 
EXTENT OF INJURY AND METHOD OF WORK. 
This pea aphis during the first season of its abundance overran and 
laid waste fields of peas from Nova Scotia and Maine to Virginia and 
Maryland, in the last and in some neighboring States destroying about 
50 per cent of the annual output and doing similar injury the following 
year, in spite of vigorous efforts that were made to control it. 
An estimate of the total loss for the year 1899 in the Atlantic Coast 
States reached the sum of $3,000,000. During 1900 the loss over 
the same area was placed, as early as June 15, at $4,000,000. Several 
cases of severe damage were reported in Maryland, in which 80 per cent 
or more of the peas on farms of 500 or 600 acres were completely 
destroyed. In short, the pea growers of the Atlantic region and west- 
ward as far as Wisconsin suffered very severe losses, which gave rise to 
the expression that this country had been visited by a veritable scourge. 
1There is evidence that this species was observed on crimson clover in Dela- 
ware as early as 1890, and has perhaps been present along the Potomac River 
since, or prior to, 1886 (Bul. No. 26,n.s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 58, 72). 
A6—49 
