7 
Kerosene emulsion.—Kerosene-soap emulsion, a standard remedy for 
aphides, carefully prepared and diluted with about twelve parts of water, 
sprayed upon the infested plants upon the first appearance of the 
aphides, and so applied that the leaves are wet on both the under and 
upper surfaces, has thus far been found to be the most effective of the 
insecticides tried. <A stronger solution than that specified is apt to burn 
or scald the plant, particularly while the vines are young and tender. 
Sprays of whale-oil and other soaps have been found less useful. The 
cost of the kerosene emulsion remedy, however, and the difficulty of 
underspraying, its rapid evaporation, and the necessity for frequent 
applications, are such as hardly to warrant its use on a large scale. 
Fic. 4.—Spraying peas with tobacco-whale-oil soap, showing method of preparation and 
application. 
The method of preparing tobacco-whale-oil soap, a special preparation 
of soap of particular value for aphides, and the implements used in its 
application are illustrated by figure 4. 
The brush-and-cultivator method.—The best remedial measure that 
has yet been devised is the growing of peas in rows with sufficient dis- 
tance between them to admit a one-horse cultivator. The “‘lice’’ are 
brushed from the plants with boughs of pine with their leaves on, and a 
cultivator then follows down the rows as soon afterward as possible. For 
the perfect success of this method it should be practiced in the heat of 
the day, when the ground is dry and hot, and the repetition of the 
brushing is necessary every three to seven days until the crop is ready 
A6-—49 
