sprayed upon the infested plants u])()n the first appear;nice of tlie liee, 

 and so appHed that tlie leaves are wet on both the under and upper 

 surfaces, has thus far been found to be the most eft'ective of the insecti- 

 cides tried. A stronger solution tlian that specified is apt to scald the 

 plant, particularly while the vines are young and tender. Sprays of 

 whale oil and other soaps have been found less useful. The cost of 

 the kerosene emulsion remedy, however, and the difficulty of under- 

 spraying, its rapid evaporation, and the necessity of fre(iuent a|)i)lica- 

 tions, are such as to liardl}' warrant its use. 



The brush and cnU'wator viethod. — The best remedy that has yet 

 been devised is the growing of peas in rows sufhciently wide apart 

 as to admit of a one-horse cultivator between them. The lice are 

 brushed from the plants with l)OUghs of pine with their leaves on, and 

 a cultivator then follows down the rows as soon afterward as possible. 

 For the perfect success of this method it should be practiced in the 

 heat of the day, when the ground is dry and liot, and the repetition 

 of the brushing is necessary every three to seven days until the crop 

 is ready for picking. Such lice as are not buried in the ground by 

 the cultivator will be killed by the dust whi(;h closes their breathing 

 pores, while a considerable proportion is destroyed also by the force 

 of the brushing. This method has the advantage of not being so 

 destructive to the natural enemies as other means that might be 

 employed, the louse being more fragile and delicate than any of its 

 insect enemies. Moreover, peas planted in rows to permit of frequent 

 cultivation suffer much less injur^^ than when sown In'oadcast. As 

 soon as the last picking has been made, infested plants should be 

 promptly destroyed by plowing under. ^ 



The hrtish and pan method. — This method, which consists in jarring 

 the lice from the vines into speciall}' prepared, long, shallow pans in 

 which a little kerosene is floating and which are dragged between the 

 rows, has also given good results, the insects as they come into contact 

 with the kerosene being all killed. A bushel of lice was caught to 

 each row, 125 rods long, in one instance where this remedy' was used. 

 It is practicable onl}^ for small areas. 



Gnltural methods. — Of cultural methods there is testimony to 

 the value of early planting, the earliest peas seldom being infested, 

 or at least only slightly injured. Very late plantings of peas to l)e 

 used for canning have also escaped ravages in some instances, but it 



1 We have abundant testimony to the value of this method, but perhaps none 

 more striking tluui that on the farm of Mr, C. H. Pearson, a Miiryhuid pea- 

 grower. During the season of 1900 a six-hundred-acre pea plantation was prac- 

 tically saved by tliis method. After other means had failed, the fields were 

 brushed and cultivated every third day for a period of two weeks. The previous 

 season peas over the same area were broadcast ; so that it was impossible to 

 combat the pest in this manner, and as a consequence 480 acres were entirely 

 ruined (Bui. 20, n. s., p. 94; Bui. 26, p. 57, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.). 



