In Virginia, the pupa state is assumed from tlie middle of July on, 

 and the moths issue from ten days to two weeks later. The eggs for 

 the second generation of larvte are laid soon afterwards on the well- 

 grown stalks, and the larvffi are full grown by harvest time. They sel- 

 dom enter the stalk at a point higher than the second joint, but from 

 the second joint down to the ground the older stalks are frequently 

 l)adl3' riddled. The damage done by the second generation consists 

 largely in weakening the stalk so that it is readily blown to the ground, 

 whereas damage by the first generation results in serious injury to the 

 crop, preventing the growth of the ears. Upon reaching full growth, 

 the larvffi of the second generation do not transform at once to pupse, 

 but the majority of them pass the winter as larvffi. In this condition 

 the3' are most often pure white, the brown spots disappearing. In the 

 • • same way the spots 



. are frequently lost on 



^'^^T" T^ ^T<T5T*^l^^jnr'i?^^^.-. , full-grown larvaj of 

 f*» \m* ] ./<fsaA%\'L\*J.M'. ','i\'.<.-''.V. the first generation 



just before they trans- 

 form to pupa?. 



The periods of egg- 

 laying and larval 

 growth are reason- 

 ably regular, from 

 which it follows that 

 early-planted corn is 

 more apt to be infest- 

 ed than late-planted 

 corn. In 1891 it was 

 found that of corn 

 planted during the 

 first and second weeks 

 in April, 25 per cent 

 was damaged; of that 

 planted in the third 

 and fourth weeks, 20 

 per cent was dam- 

 aged ; of that planted May 1 to 15, 15 per cent was damaged; of that 

 planted May 15 to 31, 12 per cent was damaged; of that planted from 

 1st to 15th of June, 8 per cent or less was damaged. In fact, corn 

 planted after the 1st of June was practically uninfested. Corn on 

 high or low land seems to be affected about in the same proportion, 

 the degree of infestation depending not upon elevation or character of 

 soil so much as upon previous crop, as will be shown in the final para- 

 graph upon " Remedies." 



Fm. 2—0, 6, e. varieties of the larva of the larger corn stalk-borer; d. 

 third thoracic segment: e, eighth abdominal segment: f. abdominal 

 segment from side: p, same from abo\e: a, li. c. enlarged: d. e. f. 

 (J. still more enlarged. 



AMOUNT OP DAMAGE. 



No instances of the complete destruction of a crop of corn by this 

 insect have come to our notice. It is unquestionably true that most 

 cornfields from Alabama to \'irginia suffer to some extent almost every 

 year from the work of this species. In seasons of abundance there is 

 frequently a loss of 25 per cent to 50 per cent of the crop. The writer 

 has seen the insect so abundant in South Carolina that one full-grown 

 stalk contained over 30 holes. In Virginia during the sunnner of 1895 

 a single corn planter estinuited his loss from this insect at over $900. 



