3 
engine is occasionally retired. The transfer of such a retired engine to 
the street department could no doubt be readily made, and a little work 
by a competent steam fitter would transform it into a most admirable 
insecticide machine. In this way the initial expenditure for machinery 
would be avoided. 
WHEN THE WORK SHOULD BE DONE. 
When the spraying apparatus has been once provided, the funds neces- 
sary for the purchase of insecticides and the necessary labor must be 
available at the proper time. If the work is not done promptly and at 
just the right time, more or less damage will result, and a greater 
expenditure will be necessary. During the latter part of May and the 
first of June, in the case of nearly all prominent leaf-eating shade-tree 
insects, one or two thorough sprayings must be made. In fact a second 
spraying, begun immediately after the completion of the first one, will 
be in ordinary cases as much as need be expected. In addition to this 
spraying work, a force of men must be employed for a time in July to 
destroy the elm leaf-beetle larve as they are descending to the ground 
and to burn the webs of the first generation of the fall webworm. This 
will finish the summer work. The winter work will consist of the de- 
struction of the eggs of the white-marked tussock moth, the cocoons of 
the fall webworm, and the bags of the bag worm. The number of men 
to be employed, and the time occupied, will depend upon the exigencies 
of the case. Upon the thoroughness of this work will depend, to a large 
extent, the necessity for a greater or less amount of the summer work 
just described. 
We have now to consider what can be done by citizens where city 
governments will not interest themselves in the matter. It is unreason- 
able to expect that a private individual will invest in a spraying appara- 
tus and spray the large shade trees in front of his grounds, therefore, in 
spraying operations where large trees exist in numbers there must be 
combination of resources. This affords an opportunity for the newly 
invented business of spraying at so much per tree. In Bridgeport, Conn., 
Mr. W.S. Bullard, who was formerly and is yet for the greater part of 
the year a roofer and paver, has constructed several cart sprayers, and 
during the months of June and July (at a time, by the way, when the 
men in his employ are apt to be out of work) he sprays trees on the 
grounds of private individuals and along the street in front of their 
erounds, under contract, at so much per tree, guaranteeing to keep the 
trees in fair condition during the season. His-work has been directed 
solely against the elm leaf-beetle, since that is the only insect of great 
importance in Bridgeport. In the month of July last the writer, in 
driving through the streets of Bridgeport, found it easy to pick out the 
trees which had been placed in Mr. Bullard’s care. Such elms were 
green, while all others were brown and nearly leafless. The defect of 
this plan as a general practice lies in the fact that not all property 
owners or residents can afford to employ a tree sprayer, while others are 
unwilling, since they deem it the business of the city authorities or do 
not appreciate the value of tree shade. 
COOPERATIVE EFFORT. 
Any effort, therefore, looking toward the arousing of popular sentiment 
or the banding together of the citizens in the interest of good shade is 
