CHAP, XIII.] ABOUT FUNGI. 181 
subjecting it to an experiment. Examined by the 
microscope, we note the absence of any green or red 
colouring matter. It has no chlorophyll. If we run 
in a little solution of iodine on the slide we shall 
observe that the protoplasm is stained brown; the 
cell-wall remains uncoloured. If starch were present 
it would be stained blue. TZoru/a, therefore, has no 
starch, and this absence of starch is a characteristic 
of fungi. 
If we place the slightest particle of yeast in a sac- 
charine solution, we shall observe that the liquid, 
previously clear, has in a day or two become turbid. 
If we take up a small quantity of the liquid on the 
point of a pencil or a glass rod, and place it under the 
microscope, we shall find that the whole of the fluid 
is teeming with millions of Zoru/@, which have been 
produced by the multiplication of the few we added 
to our liquid. We now take two bottles and half fill 
them with fresh saccharine fluid, then add the slightest 
drop of the turbid liquor to each, cork them both up, 
and place one in complete darkness, the other in the 
light. On examining them in a few days, we shall 
find that they are equally turbid. Therefore Zorula 
is not dependent upon light for the power of growth; 
this also is a characteristic of fungi. On loosening 
the cork after a day or two, we shall notice a terrific 
rush of air or gas from the bottle, or if we fail to 
loosen or remove the cork the pressure from within 
will do it for us with considerable vehemence. But 
we can test this gas, and shall then find it to be car- 
bonic anhydride, which is the same as the gas exhaled 
by animals. Here we have another characteristic of 
