226 
s. The Deer oF THE WARM oR TEMPERATE ReGions have a 
tapering nose, ending in a naked, moist muffle; they generally have 
a well-developed tail, distinct crumen, and rather long false hoofs ; 
their fawns are spotted, the spots generally disappearing in the adult, 
or only to be seen when the animals are in high condition; the fur is 
shorter and fulyous in the summer, becoming longer and greyer in 
the winter; the skulls have a moderate nose-cavity, and the inter- 
maxillaries reaching to or nearly to the nasal bones. 
ce. The Exaruine Deer or Sracs have a low, broad muffle, 
narrowed and rounded below, and nearly separated from the edge of 
the lip by a hairy band, which has only a narrow interruption in the 
middle, and rather elongated ears; they have rough horns, generally 
supported on a more or less long process of the frontal bones, fur- 
nished with a frontal basal branch or snag close on the burr or crown ; 
the outer side of the hind-legs has a tuft of hair placed rather above 
the middle of the metatarsus, and another tuft on the inner side of 
the hock. 
They are (except the Wapiti) exclusively confined to the woods of 
the Old or Eastern World. 
3. Cervus; Elaphus, H. Smith; Cervus and Pseudocervus, 
Hodgson. 
Horns round, erect, with an anterior basal snag, a medial anterior 
snag, and the apex divided imto one or more branches, according to 
the age of the animal; a well-developed crumen ; narrow triangular, 
compressed hoofs; they are covered with brittle, opake hairs; the 
rump is generally ornamented with a pale mark ; skull with a large, 
deep, suborbital pit. 
* The True Stags have one or two branches on the middle of the 
front of the beam. 
+ The American kind have rather broad semicircular hoofs, a very 
short tail, and the withers covered with softer hair in winter. Stron- 
gyloceros. 
1. Cervus Canapensis. The Wapiti. 
Red-brown ; rump with a very large pale disk extending far above 
the base of the tail, and with a black streak on each side of it; male 
with hair of throat elongated, black, with reddish tips. 
Stag, Dale, Phil. Trans. n. 444, 384.—Cerfde Canada, Perr. Anim. 
ii. 55. t. 45?; Cuvier, R. A. i. 256.—Cervus Canadensis, Brisson ; 
Gray, Knows. Menag. 58.—Cervus Elaphus, var. Canadensis, Erxl.— 
Cervus Strongyloceros, Schreb. t.247 ; Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer. 
251.—C. major, Ord.—C. Wapiti, Leach, Journ. Phys. Ixxxv. 66.— 
American Elk, Bewick, Quad.—North-Western Stag, C. occidentalis, 
H. Smith, G. A. K. iv. 101. t. . f. 2, horn; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 
614, notSyn.— Wapiti, Warden, Etats Unis, v.638 ; Wied, Voy. Amer. 
Sept. iii. 302. 
