66 
back part of the cardia, and 3rd of an inch to the front of the cardia. 
The rest of the stomach is lined by the usual gastric vascular mem- 
brane, which in the distended state shows one or two short and very 
narrow, straight rugze, and is smooth in the rest of its extent, except 
near the commencement of the short and narrow canal leading to the 
pylorus, where a number of longitudinal rugee converge. The mus- 
cular coat of the stomach is 2 lines in thickness at the cardia, where 
its texture is unusually firm ; it diminishes in thickness to 1 line after 
a course of 2 inches from the cardia, and is less than half a line thick 
over the great dilated portion of the stomach. It resumes its thick- 
ness of 2 lines at the narrow pyloric portion. A few longitudinal 
rugee radiate from the cardia a little way upon the epithelial part, but 
there is no valvular apparatus there. 
The form of the pylorus is crescentic, bounded below by an arched 
protuberance, receiving in its concavity a single longitudinal protube- 
rance from the upper side. 
The bile-tube (ductus choledochus) opens on a mammillary emi- 
nence half an inch from the pylorus. 
The duodenum, which is about 1 inch in diameter at its com- 
mencement, where it receives the ductus choledochus and pancreatic 
duct, contracts to a diameter of 2rds of an inch as it bends down in 
front of the right kidney, suspended by a narrow mesentery ; it then 
crosses the first lumbar vertebra, and becomes attached to the back 
of the ascending colon ; there it ascends a little way, bending obliquely 
round the colon, and becomes suspended, as jejunum, upon the 
proper mesentery. The jejunum and ilium lie im close coils sus- 
pended by the narrow mesentery, which is loaded with fat, termina- 
ting next the intestine in lobes which project as a free border on 
each side the junction of the mesentery to the gut. The mesenteric 
vessels pass straight through this fat, without forming anastomotic 
arches. The mesenteric glands are arranged in a semicircle about 
the root of the mesentery. The small intestines preserve a pretty 
uniform diameter until near the end of the ilum, which gradually 
contracts to a diameter of about half an inch. The length of the 
small intestine is from 18 to 20 feet, or about five times the length 
of the body ; which is proportionally one-half the length of the small 
intestines of the domestic Hog. The ilium passes near its termination 
from the right to the left lumbar region, and ascends to terminate in 
the czecum, to which it is attached by a duplicature of the perito- 
neum. The czecum was situated in the advanced part of the left 
lumbar region. It was 34 inches in length, and about 24 in diame- 
ter, with an obtuse rounded end ; its parietes were slightly puckered 
or sacculated on two longitudinal bands, about 4 lines in breadth, a 
third band commencing near the entry of the ilium; its cireumfe- 
rence is 7 inches. It is divided by a constricted neck, 3} inches in 
circumference and 14 inch in length, from the colon, and this con- 
tracted part was sacculated only on one side, the other side being 
smooth, with a strong coat of longitudinal fibres external to the cir- 
cular ones. At this part the ilium, caecum and beginning of the colon 
are attached by a strong mesentery to the spine: the colon ascends 
