103 



of the intestlnal canal is disposed in two similar folds ; and then ex- 

 tends along the raiddle line of the back to the cloaca. There are 

 no ccBca. The coats of the intestines are stronger than is usual in 

 Birds, and the diameter of the canal is more considerable, diminish- 

 ing, however, gradually from the commencement of the ileum as far 

 as the beginning ofthe rec<M»2, and thence becoming wider to its 

 termination. The who]e length of the intestines is 5 feet ; that of the 

 bird, frora the end of the bill to the vent, being 2 feet 2 inches, of 

 vvhich the bill measures 7 inches. 



The liver has the usual two lobes, of vvhich the right is the largest. 

 The gall-bladder is of considerable size. 1'he pancreas, of an elon- 

 gated slender form, has a small oval enlargement at its commence- 

 njent at the lower end ofthe spieen, and a flattened oblong mass or 

 head at the bottom of the duodenal fold : it accompanies the duode- 

 num throughout its length, being folded on itself similariy to the in- 

 testine. Its secretion is conveyed into the intestine by three ducts ; 

 one from its head, vvhich enters the duodenum at the bend of the 

 fold ; the others from the elongated lobes, vvhich terminale close 

 together at the end of the fold betvveen the insertions of the hepatie 

 ducts: an arrangement corresponding with that described by Cuvieu 

 io his ' Lecons d'Anat. Comp.,' tom. iv. p. 55, as existing in the 

 Heron. 



In the cloaca, the rudimentary bladder is little more than a line in 

 vvidth, and the ridges bounding it above and belovv are confined to 

 the back part of the cavity. The bursa Fabricii (vvhich Mr. Ovven 

 rejiards as analogous to the glandular pouch, found single or double 

 dorsad of the rectuni in so many other classes,) is of a triangular 

 form, large, and surrounded, as usual, by a capsule of muscular 

 fibres. 



The museles ofthe mandibles consist of a digastricus, or of a musele 

 analogous to it, destitute, as is usual in Birds, of a middle tendon • 

 a temperai musele of moderate size ; and pterygoidei externi and 

 inferni, proportionally more developed. There is also a strong lio-a- 

 meot occupying the place ofthe »2a5sefer; and a second, destined 

 to prevent dislocation backvvards, which passes from the zygoma 

 directly backvvards to the condyle or articular depression of the 

 lovver javv. Disproportionate as this apparatus seems to the moving 

 of so large a body as the bill ofthe Hornhill, it is yet fulLy adequate, 

 the vveight of that organ by no means corresponding vvith its size. 

 The cavities in the bones, the arrangement ofthe columns support. 

 ing t\\e\T parietės, and the air-cells, produce at the šame time light- 

 ness and strength. 



With respect to other parts of the skeleton, Mr. Ovven particu- 

 larly noticed the extension ofthe air-cells into the distal bones of 

 the extremities. In the Pelican Mr. Hunter observcs that the air 

 passes not only into the ulna and radius, but " into tbose bones vfhich 

 ansvver to the carpus and metacarpus of Quadrupeds." In the Horn- 

 hill the air passes also into the bones corresponding to the phalanoes ; 

 and in the posterior extremity it permeates the iibicv, tarsi, and pha'- 

 lanpes. 



