36 



tion to the human structure than the C'himpanzee, is among those 

 whicli continue to be marked even in the adult. The occipitaiybra- 

 mefi approaches in figure, position, and aspect, nearer to that of 

 the lovver MammaUa ; the occipital condyles are more closely ap- 

 proximated anteriorly; the anterior condyloid /oramina are double 

 on each side ; and the ca.roi\A f oramen is situated more posteriorly, 

 and is relatively smaller, than in the Chimpanzee. The petrous 

 portion of the temporal bone is smaller, \vhile the glenoid cavity 

 forms a much larger proportion of the base of the skiill. This cavity, 

 if such it may be called, presents a ąuadrate, almost flattened sur- 

 face, slightly concave in the transverse, and slightly convex in the 

 antero-posterior direction, afFording an interesting correspondence 

 with the structure of the molar teeth, and indicative of the vegetable 

 diet of the animal. The styloid and styliform processes are want- 

 ing, as in the Chimpanzee ; the mastoid is represented by a protube- 

 rant ridge, and ils cellular structure is visible in conseąuence of the 

 thinness of the external table. The ant-auditory process is more 

 developed than in the Chimpanzee, and the margins of the auditory 

 foramina are smoother. 



On the bony palate,the relative positions of \\\e foramina inciiiva 

 correspond with the increased development of the laniary teeth, and 

 consequently deviate in a proportionate degree from their positions 

 in the Chimpanzee and in the human subject. Two or threefora- 

 mina remain on either side and indicate the original separationof the 

 incisive bones ; and similar indications of the original harmonice 

 betvveen the incisive and maxillary bones are seen on the anterior 

 part of the skull. In the Chimpanzee the obliteration of these suturės 

 takes place some time before the temporary teeth are shed ; in the 

 Orang they remain until thepermanent teeth are almost fuUy deve- 

 loped : in the human subject the intermaxillary bones can be traced 

 as distinctelements only in the early periods offoetal existence, when 

 they vvere first detected by the poet Grethe. In the Orang no part 

 of the os naši projects, as in the Chimpanzee, beyond the plane of 

 the nasal processes of the superior maxillary bones; and there are 

 no traces of its original separation at the mesial line, while in the 

 Chimpanzee such traces are usually found, and Dr. Traill observed 

 tvvo distinct ossa naši in the young of that species dissected by him. 

 The lachrymal bones are proportionally larger than in Man ; but, as 

 in the Chimpanzee and the higher Quadrumana, they are confined to 

 the orbit, the vvhole outer boundary of which has a more anterior 

 aspect than in the Chimpanzee, and is relatively broader and stronger, 

 but with the oblique posterior edge less developed. The interorbi- 

 tal space is relatively narrovver, the disproportion increasing with 

 the development of the superior maxillary bones, and evidencing a 

 still further departure from the human form. There are three infra- 

 or bitai ybra»i/na instead of one ; the upper maxillary bones are much 

 more largely developed in conseąuence of the great size of the 

 laniary teeth ; and the incisor teeth project more obliquely forvvards 

 than in the Chimpanzee. 

 '* In all the peculiarities," Mr. Ov\en observes, " of the Orang's 



